Future Functions of Internal Combustion Engines in the Context of Hybrids, Fuel Cells and Regenerative Fuels

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornel Stan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines

Energetic and Exergetic Analysis of Building Cogeneration Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilmaz Yoru ◽  
T. Hikmet Karakoc ◽  
Arif Hepbasli ◽  
Enis T. Turgut
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
External Combustion ◽  
Thermophotovoltaic Systems

This study deals with types of micro cogeneration (or micro combined heat and power, MCHP) systems and reviews energetic and exergetic analysis of MCHP systems, which are also called building cogeneration systems. These are classified as micro and macro cogeneration systems and figured within subgroups. Previously conducted studies on exergy and energy analyses of internal combustion engines (micro turbines), external combustion engines (Ericsson engines), fuel cells (solid oxide fuel cells) and thermophotovoltaic systems are treated in this paper. The main objectives of this study are to classify MCHP systems used in building cogeneration systems, to introduce types of MCHP systems and to better define micro cogeneration systems in the light of previously conducted studies. In this regard, energetic and exergetic efficiencies of various MCHP systems are graphically obtained. Under grouping presented MCHP systems, internal combustion engines based MCHP systems are defined to be the best choice with energetic and exergetic efficiency values of 86.0% and 40.31%, respectively. Micro gas turbines and Ericson engine based micro cogeneration systems are also obtained as valuable systems with the energetic values of 75.99% and 65.97% and exergetic values of 35.8% and 38.5%, respectively. However, in this building cogeneration group, energetic and exergetic efficiencies of the thermophotovoltaic systems have 65.0% and 15.0%, respectively. It may be concluded that system choice depends on the type of the system, energy flow of the system, system parts and developments, while building, system capacity, comfort and maintenance are the other factors to be considered.

scholarly journals Overview of the Green Hydrogen Applications in Marine Power Plants Onboard Ships

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader R. Ammar ◽  
Nayef F. S. H. Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines

The need for renewable and green energy sources to replace fossil fuel with the incrementally rising prices is driving many researchers to work on narrowing the gap between the most scientific innovative clean energy technologies and the concepts of feasibility and cost-effective solutions. The current paper aims to introduce one aspect of Green Energy; the use of Hydrogen as fuel for marine power plants, to replace all kinds of fossil fuels which are the major responsible of harmful emissions. There are three applications for hydrogen in marine field. These applications include hydrogen internal combustion engines, hydrogen gas turbines, and fuel cells. The main problems associated with the application of hydrogen in internal combustion engines are the engine knocking; air fuel ratio and intake temperature. The research programs for the application of hydrogen in gas turbines concentrate on studying the characteristics of hydrogen combustion inside gas turbine combustors. The third application of hydrogen is fuel cells. Huge developments have been achieved in this sector over the past few years. But for the marine field only the naval vessels market used it for auxiliary power generation.

scholarly journals Techno-economic and Environmental Comparison of Internal Combustion Engines and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Ship Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 230328
Author(s):  
Lukas Kistner ◽  
Fritjof L. Schubert ◽  
Christine Minke ◽  
Astrid Bensmann ◽  
Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Oxide Fuel

scholarly journals An innovative tool for the evaluation and comparison of different fuels and technologies onboard ships

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 08001
Author(s):  
Diego Rattazzi ◽  
Massimo Rivarolo ◽  
Aristide F. Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Strong Point ◽  
Innovative Tool ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Market Solutions

The paper focuses on the analysis of innovative energy systems onboard ships with the aim to evaluate, in a preliminary stage, which can be the most promising solution depending on the considered application. For this purpose, the dedicated tool HELM developed by the authors’ research group is employed. The tool uses maps reporting the main indicators (weight, volume, costs and emissions) for each component in relation to the installed power and the operational hours required (given by the user as an input), then it compares the results providing the best solution depending on the considered application. The maps have been built from a database developed throughout a wide analysis of the available market solutions in terms of energy generation devices (i.e. fuel cells, internal combustion engines), fuels (hydrogen, natural gas, diesel, methanol) and related storage technologies. The main strong point of HELM resides in its flexibility: it can be used for different typologies and sizes of ships (e.g. ferry boat, cruises, yachts); moreover, the database can be easily updated with more technologies. In this work, the focus is particularly on hydrogen application with PEM Fuel Cells and the use of innovative fuels (methanol, ammonia) in Internal Combustion Engines. Analysing different applications, it will be highlighted how the specific characteristics and priorities of the application affect the results of the best solutions. Furthermore, considering the regulation roadmap for the next years in the maritime context, promising technologies are highlighted also for future scenarios.

scholarly journals 3D CFD simulation of a gaseous fuel injection in a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Alessio Barbato ◽  
Giuseppe Cantore
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Combustion Engines

Nowadays, one of the hottest topic in the automotive engineering community is the reduction of fossil fuels. Hydrogen is an alternative energy source that is already providing clean, renewable, and efficient power being used in fuel cells. Despite being developed since a few decades, fuel cells are affected by several hurdles, the most impacting one being their cost per unit power. While waiting for their cost reduction and mass-market penetration, hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines (H2ICEs) can be a rapidly applicable solution to reduce pollution caused by the combustion of fossil fuels. Such engines benefit from the advanced technology of modern internal combustion engines (ICEs) and the advantages related to hydrogen combustion, although some modifications are needed for conventional liquid-fueled engines to run on hydrogen. The gaseous injection of hydrogen directly into the combustion chamber is a challenge both for the designers and for the injection system suppliers. To reduce uncertainties, time, and development cost, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools appear extremely useful, since they can accurately predict mixture formation and combustion before the expensive production/testing phase. The high-pressure gaseous injection which takes place in Direct-Injected H2ICEs promotes a super-sonic flow with very high gradients in the zone between the bulk of the injected hydrogen and the flow already inside the combustion chamber. To develop a methodology for an accurate simulation of these phenomena, the SoPHy Engine of the Engine Combustion Network group (ECN) is used and presented. This engine is fed through a single nozzle H2-injector; planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) data are available for comparison with the CFD outcomes.

scholarly journals An Overview of Hydrogen as an Alternative Fuel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maher Al-Baghdadi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
The Future

Abstract Hydrogen is a very important fuel of our secure and clean energy future. Hydrogen will be the fuel of the future and gradually it will replace all current fossil fuels. Hydrogen can be used as a fuel for vehicles, to heat homes and offices, to produce electricity, and to fuel ships and aircraft. The present work provides an overview of hydrogen as an alternative fuel, which can be used in internal combustion engines and in fuel cells.

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