Application of a Finite Element Model of the Brain to Study Traumatic Brain Injury Mechanisms in the Rat

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haojie Mao ◽  
Liying Zhang ◽  
King H. Yang ◽  
Albert I. King
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

A Finite Element Model for Estimating Axonal Damage in Traumatic Brain Injury

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rika M. Wright ◽  
K. T. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Brain

There has been an ongoing effort to reduce the occurrence of sports-related traumatic brain injury. These injuries are caused by an impact to the head and often lead to the damage of neural axons in the brain. This type of damage is classified as diffuse axonal injury (DAI) or traumatic axonal injury (TAI) [1]. One of the difficulties in studying the progression of axonal injury is that the structural signature of DAI cannot be readily visualized with conventional medical imaging modalities since the damage occurs at the cellular level [2]. This also makes the injury difficult to diagnose. Many researchers have turned to finite element (FE) models to study the development of diffuse axonal injury. FE models provide a means for observing the mechanical process of injury development from the loads to the head at the macroscale to the damage that results at the cellular level. However, for a finite element model to be a viable tool for studying DAI, the model must be able to accurately represent the behavior of the brain tissue, and it must be able to accurately predict injury. In this work, we address both of these issues in an effort to improve the material models and injury criteria used in current FE models of TBI. We represent the white matter with an anisotropic, hyper-viscoelastic constitutive model, incorporate the microstructure of the white matter through the use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and estimate injury using an axonal strain injury (ASI) criterion (Figure 1). We also develop a novel method to quantify the degree of axonal damage in the fiber tracts of the brain.

The Use of a Cellular Strain Injury Criterion and Diffusion Tensor Imaging in a Computational Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rika M. Wright ◽  
K. T. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Injury Mechanisms

With the increase in the number of soldiers sustaining traumatic brain injury from military incidents and the recent attention on sports related traumatic brain injury, there has been a focused effort to develop preventative and treatment methods for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Traumatic brain injury is caused by mechanical loading to the head, such as from impacts, sudden accelerations, or blast loading, and the pathology can range from focal damage in the brain to widespread diffuse injury [1]. In this study, we investigate the injury mechanisms of diffuse axonal injury (DAI), which accounts for the second largest percentage of deaths due to brain trauma [2]. DAI is caused by sudden inertial loads to the head, and it is characterized by damage to neural axons. Despite the extensive research on DAI, the coupling between the mechanical loading to the head and the damage at the cellular level is still poorly understood. Unlike previous computational models that use macroscopic stress and strain measures to determine injury, a cellular injury criterion is used in this work as numerous studies have shown that cellular strain can be related to the functional damage of neurons. The effectiveness of using this cellular injury criterion to predict damage in a finite element model of DAI is investigated.

Blast Traumatic Brain Injury Mechanisms

Neurotrauma ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Elizabeth McNeil ◽  
Zachary Bailey ◽  
Allison Guettler ◽  
Pamela VandeVord
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Primary Blast ◽  
Blast Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Biomechanical Investigation

Blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a leading cause of head injury in soldiers returning from the battlefield. Primary blast brain injury remains controversial with little evidence to support a primary mechanism of injury. The four main theories described herein include blast wave transmission through skull orifices, direct cranial transmission, thoracic surge, and skull flexure dynamics. It is possible that these mechanisms do not occur exclusively from each other, but rather that several of them lead to primary blast brain injury. Biomechanical investigation with in-vivo, cadaver, and finite element models would greatly increase our understanding of bTBI mechanisms.

A Numerical Study of Traumatic Brain Injury Due to Ground Impact in an SUV-Pedestrian Crash Using Full-Scale Finite Element Models

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsutaka Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
Intrinsic Complexity ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes ◽  
Ground Impact

A number of studies have worked on traffic injuries or traumas related to pedestrian impacts. However, most of them placed more focuses on traumatic injuries due to primary impact with a striking vehicle rather than those involved in secondary impact with the ground. In this study, a validated, human whole-body, pedestrian finite element model was utilized to investigate the potential risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI) relevant to the ground impact as well as primary head strike in an SUV-to-pedestrian collision. By conducting a set of numerical experiments at impact speed of 25 and 40 km/h with pedestrian’s pre-impact, transverse, traveling speed of 1.3 m/s, it was found that ground impact is likely to cause serious TBI even in a low impact speed level. Although the post-impact kinematics and subsequent kinetics were considerably unpredictable due to the intrinsic complexity of pedestrian impact, this finding also suggests that impact speed does not necessarily contribute to the severity of pedestrian TBI involving vehicle with a higher profile. In the future, an effective countermeasure for ground impact should be taken into account to reduce the risk of sustaining serious TBIs in pedestrian crashes.

scholarly journals Biomechanical behavior of brain injury caused by sticks using finite element model and Hybrid-III testing

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Li ◽  
Jiawen Wang ◽  
Shengxiong Liu ◽  
Sen Su ◽  
Chenjian Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Hybrid Iii

scholarly journals Effect of Aging on Brain Injury Prediction in Rotational Head Trauma—A Parameter Study with a Rat Finite Element Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (sup1) ◽  
pp. S91-S99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobo Antona-Makoshi ◽  
Erik Eliasson ◽  
Johan Davidsson ◽  
Susumu Ejima ◽  
Koshiro Ono
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Injury Prediction

scholarly journals A Computational Biomechanics Human Body Model Coupling Finite Element and Multibody Segments for Assessment of Head/Brain Injuries in Car-To-Pedestrian Collisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Bingyu Wang ◽  
Guibing Li ◽  
Fan Li
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Computational Biomechanics ◽  
Head Kinematics ◽  
The Impact

It has been challenging to efficiently and accurately reproduce pedestrian head/brain injury, which is one of the most important causes of pedestrian deaths in road traffic accidents, due to the limitations of existing pedestrian computational models, and the complexity of accidents. In this paper, a new coupled pedestrian computational biomechanics model (CPCBM) for head safety study is established via coupling two existing commercial pedestrian models. The head–neck complex of the CPCBM is from the Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS, Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Nagakute, Japan) (Version 4.01) finite element model and the rest of the parts of the body are from the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO, The Hague, The Netherlands) (Version 7.5) multibody model. The CPCBM was validated in terms of head kinematics and injury by reproducing three cadaveric tests published in the literature, and a correlation and analysis (CORA) objective rating tool was applied to evaluate the correlation of the related signals between the predictions using the CPCBM and the test results. The results show that the CPCBM head center of gravity (COG) trajectories in the impact direction (YOZ plane) strongly agree with the experimental results (CORA ratings: Y = 0.99 ± 0.01; Z = 0.98 ± 0.01); the head COG velocity with respect to the test vehicle correlates well with the test data (CORA ratings: 0.85 ± 0.05); however, the correlation of the acceleration is less strong (CORA ratings: 0.77 ± 0.06). No significant differences in the behavior in predicting the head kinematics and injuries of the tested subjects were observed between the TNO model and CPCBM. Furthermore, the application of the CPCBM leads to substantial reduction of the computation time cost in reproducing the pedestrian head tissue level injuries, compared to the full-scale finite element model, which suggests that the CPCBM could present an efficient tool for pedestrian brain-injury research.

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