ANN Analysis of Performance Characteristics of CI Engine Fuels based on Physical and Chemical Properties and Estimation of Optimal Blend of Biodiesels with Diesel

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikishan Suryanarayanan ◽  
Vijay Manikandan Janakiraman ◽  
G. Lakshmi Narayana Rao ◽  
S. Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Analysis Of Performance ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Influence of Physical and Chemical Properties of Two Biodiesel Fuels on Performance, Combustion and Exhaust Emission Characteristics in a DI-CI Engine

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pulagala Rao ◽  
Basava V. A. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
No Emission ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Peak Pressures ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of biodiesel (BD) fuel properties on different characteristics of the engine and to compare with the baseline petroleum diesel (PD) fuel. This study consists of two parts, first one is biodiesel characterization and the second one is testing in the engine. Two BD fuels namely, the medium chain (C6–C24) coconut oil methyl ester (COME) and the long chain (C16–C18) sesame seed oil methyl ester (SSME) were selected. It is observed that, the physical and chemical properties such as viscosity, density, bulk modulus, calorific value, C/H ratio, and iodine value of SSME are higher than that of COME, while the cetane number, saturation% and oxygen% of the COME is higher than that of SSME. Experiments were conducted in a naturally aspirated, single cylinder, four-stroke, stationary, water cooled, constant rpm (1500), in-line (pump-high pressure tube-fuel injector) direct injection compression ignition (DI–CI) engine with COME, SSME (with and without preheating), and PD as fuels. The performance was evaluated in terms of fuel consumption (FC), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), and thermal efficiency (BTE). Except for COME at full load, the BTE of the esters over all load ranges were less than that of PD fuel. Also, a significant improvement in BTE was observed, when the SSME is tested at PD’s viscosity by using preheating technique. At full load, the BSFC of COME and SSME are increased by 16.61% and 18.24% respectively. The minimum BSEC (at full load) of COME is decreased by 1.3% and while that of SSME is increased by 4.5%, as compared to that of PD fuel. The full load peak pressures for COME, SSME and PD fuel are 63.8 bar, 65.8 bar, and 62.9 bar respectively. The high peak pressures of the methyl esters are probably due to dynamic injection advance, caused by their higher bulk modulus. The net heat release rate (HRR) and cumulative heat release (CHR) were calculated from the acquired data. The results show that, at all loads there is a slight increase in peak HRR for COME and large increase in peak HRR for SSME against PD fuel. The higher values of peak HRR indicate better premixed combustion with the methyl esters. However, the peak HRR for preheated SSME (SSME_H) decreases due to late injection and faster evaporation of the fuel. It was observed that, at full load the nitric oxide (NO) emission of SSME is increased by 12.9%, while that of COME is decreased by 13.8% as compared to that of PD fuel. The smoke is increasing linearly with the fuels ‘C/H’ ratio regardless of their molecular structure. The HC emissions of both the esters are very low and are reduced by up to 73%, as compared PD. Also, there is a significant reduction in all exhaust emissions, and in particular the NO emission is observed with preheated SSME, due to change in premixed combustion phase.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document