Simulated Human Feces for Testing Human Waste Processing Technologies in Space Systems

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanapathipillai Wignarajah ◽  
Eric Litwiller ◽  
John W. Fisher ◽  
John Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Processing ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Human Waste

scholarly journals Recovery of SARS-CoV-2 from Wastewater Using Centrifugal Ultrafiltration

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Brienna L. Anderson-Coughlin ◽  
Adrienne E. H. Shearer ◽  
Alexis N. Omar ◽  
K. Eric Wommack ◽  
Kalmia E. Kniel
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
New Castle County ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Centrifugal Ultrafiltration

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis and continues to impact communities as the disease spreads. Clinical testing alone provides a snapshot of infected individuals but is costly and difficult to perform logistically across whole populations. The virus which causes COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, is shed in human feces and urine and can be detected in human waste. SARS-CoV-2 can be shed in high concentrations (>107 genomic copies/mL) due to its ability to replicate in the gastrointestinal tract of humans through attachment to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors there. Monitoring wastewater for SARS-CoV-2, alongside clinical testing, can more accurately represent the spread of disease within a community. This protocol describes a reliable and efficacious method to recover SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, quantify genomic RNA levels, and evaluate concentration fluctuations over time. Using this protocol, viral levels as low as 10 genomic copies/mL were successfully detected from 30 mL of wastewater in more than seven-hundred samples collected between August 2020 and March 2021. Through the adaptation of traditional enteric virus methods used in food safety research, targets have been reliably detected with no inhibition of detection (RT-qPCR) observed in any sample processed. This protocol is currently used for surveillance of wastewater systems across New Castle County, Delaware.

scholarly journals Analysis of the composition and processing technologies of dispersed iron‑containing waste

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
N. I. Urbanovich ◽  
S. V. Korneev ◽  
V. I. Volosatikov ◽  
D. O. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
The Republic

The article discusses the types of various dusty iron‑containing waste generated in metallurgical and foundry production. Rational waste processing technologies are considered. The analysis of the chemical composition of iron‑containing waste, morphology and particle size is presented. Variants of processing and use technology that are acceptable for the conditions of the Republic of Belarus are proposed.

Experimental Investigation of Making a Composite Material from Plastic (LDPE) Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Made Ery Arsana ◽  
I Nyoman Suamir ◽  
Sudirman ◽  
I Wayan Temaja ◽  
Ida Bagus Gde Widiantara
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
The World ◽  
Clay Materials

Plastic waste has been a major issue regarding waste in the world today. Plastic production in the world has reached 8300 million metric tons (Mt) from 1950 to 2015 and of about 6,300 Mt turned into waste. The development of industry and technology is often accompanied by the emergence of environmental impact issue. Encompassed plastic waste in nature causes problems, as it can drift from the land and fill the oceans around the world. Various plastic waste processing technologies have been introduced. Recycling plastic waste into goods, fuel oils and asphalt mixtures are things that have been done enormously. This research aims to make composite materials from used plastics, clay materials, and charcoal. A qualitative experimental method by heating the plastic waste below 270°C. Then, it is mixed with additional materials and casted the composite into a mold to form test specimens. Mechanical testing has been carried out to evaluate the composite. The results show that a composite material comprises plastic waste, clay and charcoal can provide maximum tensile strength of 14.59 N. The tested composite material is found to be 34.20% stronger than the material made of only plastic waste.

Feasibility of incorporating all products of human waste processing into material cycling in the BTLSS

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Ye.A. Morozov ◽  
S.V. Trifonov ◽  
S.A. Ushakova ◽  
O.V. Anishchenko ◽  
A.A. Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Waste Processing ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Material Cycling

Hot demonstrations of nuclear-waste processing technologies

JOM ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. McFarlane ◽  
K. M. Goff ◽  
F. S. Felicione ◽  
C. C. Dwight ◽  
D. B. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Processing Technologies
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