Control of Cold Start Emissions through Modulation of Engine Exhaust Gases

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Shamim
Keyword(s):  
Cold Start ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases

scholarly journals Assessment of Environmental Risks of Particulate Matter Emissions from Road Transport Based on the Emission Inventory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6123
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bebkiewicz ◽  
Zdzisław Chłopek ◽  
Hubert Sar ◽  
Krystian Szczepański ◽  
Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

The aim of this study is to investigate the environmental hazards posed by solid particles resulting from road transport. To achieve this, a methodology used to inventory pollutant emissions was used in accordance with the recommendations of the EMEP/EEA (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme/European Economic Area). This paper classifies particulates derived from road transport with reference to their properties and sources of origin. The legal status of environmental protection against particulate matter is presented. The emissions of particulate matter with different properties from different road transport sources is examined based on the results of Poland’s inventory of pollutant emissions in the year 2018. This study was performed using areas with characteristic traffic conditions: inside and outside cities, as well as on highways and expressways. The effects of vehicles were classified according to Euro emissions standards into the categories relating to the emissions of different particulate matter types. The results obtained showed that technological progress in the automobile sector has largely contributed to a reduction in particulate matter emissions associated with engine exhaust gases, and that this has had slight effect on particulate matter emissions associated with the tribological processes of vehicles. The conclusion formed is that it is advisable to undertake work towards the control and reduction of road transport particulate matter emissions associated with the sources other than engine exhaust gases.

scholarly journals High-accuracy Nanoparticle Sensor for Combustion Engine Exhaust Gases

2016 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kraft ◽  
J. Kaczynski ◽  
T. Reinisch ◽  
M. Unger ◽  
A. Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases

scholarly journals Method and Device for Reducing the Toxicity of Diesel Engine Exhaust Gases

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Byshov N.V ◽  
Bachurin A.N ◽  
Bogdanchikov I.Yu ◽  
Oleynik D.O ◽  
Yakunin Yu.V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning System ◽  
Exhaust Gas Cleaning

The aim of the article is to develop a method and a device for reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases of diesel engines and reducing noise taking into account the current mode of operation of the engine. This is done with the help of installing a liquid catalyst (LC) into the exhaust system, ensuring the processes of trapping, chemical bonding and neutralization of toxic components and soot particles in the aerosol chamber while the vortex flow is being processed by a neutralizing solution supplied under pressure. Then the flow is divided into phases and toxic components and soot are separated in the centrifugal swirl drop separator (SDS).The developed and tested design of an exhaust gas cleaning device installed instead of the standard D-120 engine exhaust system and an automated cleaning process control system make it possible to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases (EG): nitrogen oxides by 40 %, hydrocarbons by 43 % and soot by 70 %. The noise level of its work in enclosed spaces was reduced by 16–22 %. The device also had low gas-dynamic resistance.The investigation methodology is based on the use of modern methods and measuring devices. Exhaust gas tester META “Autotest CO – CH – CO2 – O2 – λ – NOx” was used to measure the toxicity of exhaust gases. To measure smoking at the exhaust of the diesel engine, the opacity meter META-01MP was used. The gas flow velocity was measured with ATT-1004 thermo-anemometer, the noise level of the tractor was recorded with noise and vibration meter VSHV–003–M2, and the fuel consumption with SIRT-1 meter.Theoretical studies were carried out on the basis of the laws of gas dynamics, the modern theory of statistical analysis, and experiment planning techniques. When developing an experimental LC model, dependencies were obtained, which allow to achieve the optimal design and technological parameters of the wet cleaning system for diesel exhaust gases.The optimization of the design parameters and the processing of experimental data were carried out with the help of modern software using the methods of mathematical statistics using computers.The current methods of reducing the toxicity of engines consist primarily in improving the design of engines, in order to influence the nature of the working process, the use of alternative fuels and additives, exhaust gas recirculation, as well as installing various types of exhaust gas catalytic systems. Measures related to the introduction of constructive changes in engines require some major restructuring of the industry, which is difficult to achieve in modern conditions. Alternative fuels have not yet been widely used in agriculture. Therefore, today the most effective and acceptable means of achieving environmental standards is the installation of various mobile catalysts in the exhaust system, as well as devices for trapping soot particles. The use of this exhaust gas cleaning system for diesel engines functioning in enclosed spaces can significantly improve the working conditions of the personnel and have a slight effect on the power and fuel-economic performance of the power unit, reducing the power of the D-120 engine of the T-30 tractor equipped with an upgraded exhaust system when taking external speed characteristics averaged 1.6 %, the torque was 1.5 % and the increase in specific fuel consumption was 1.8 %.In this paper we used materials from scientific publications indexed by bibliographic abstract databases of Scopus and Web of Science.   

Modeling of a Refrigerator in Disaster Vehicle, Using Solar Energy and Engine Exhaust Gases Heat

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Derakhshan ◽  
Alireza Yazdani
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Refrigeration Cycle ◽  
Adsorption Refrigeration ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Heat Adsorption

In critical situations such as floods and earthquakes, the relief forces require a refrigeration for pharmaceuticals and vaccines, which could operate without an electrical energy and the alternative energies, such as solar energy, engine exhaust gases heat, and wind energy. In this paper, a refrigeration cycle has been modeled as an adsorption refrigeration cycle with an activated carbon/methanol as adsorbent/adsorbate pair and two sources of energy—solar energy and engine exhaust gases heat. The solar cycle had a collector with area of 1 m2 and the exhaust gas cycle included a heat exchanger with 100 °C temperature difference between inlet and outlet gases. The temperature profile in adsorbent bed, evaporator, and condenser was obtained from modeling. Moreover, the pressure profile, overall heat transfer coefficient of collector and adsorbent bed, concentration, and the solar radiation were reported. Results represented the coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.55, 0.2, and 0.56 for complete system, solar adsorption refrigeration, and exhaust heat adsorption refrigeration, respectively. In addition, exhaust heat adsorption refrigeration has a value of 2.48 of specific cooling power (SCP). These results bring out a good performance of the proposed model in the climate of Iran.

Ethane kinetics in spark-ignition engine-exhaust gases

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Sorenson ◽  
P.S. Myers ◽  
O.A. Uyehara
Keyword(s):  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases

A new dilution system for the purpose of measuring particulates in diesel engine exhaust gases

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 943-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gnuschke ◽  
K. Mollenhauer ◽  
G. Israel ◽  
C. Beckmann
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Diesel Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases

A Catalyst Surface Control Automation System for Emission Reduction During Cold Start

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios N. Karkanis ◽  
Pantelis N. Botsaris ◽  
Panagiotis D. Sparis
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Surface ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Exhaust Gases

This paper presents and discusses experimental data obtained during test simulating the test cycle ECE-15 for a relatively simple method for the reduction of pollutant emissions during a cold start. During a cold start the volume of the exhaust gases is considerably smaller than the ones under full load. Therefore, only a small portion of the catalyst active surface is used to process the gases at the cold start phase. After the light-off at the initial surface the exhaust gases pass from the total catalytic surface which is already pre-heated from the first phase. The experimental results presented here indicate that there is a reduction of the pollutant emissions during the cold start of an engine. The developed system uses the 20% of the catalyst active surface during start-up and the rest of the catalyst surface after this phase, controlled by a proper automation system. At the cold start phase the system focusing the gas flow towards the center core of the monolith, so there is a quicker warm-up of the catalyst and a faster initiation of catalysis in this area. So when the remaining ceramic body of the catalytic converter is used, it is already warmed and the catalysis starts almost immediately.

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