High Accuracy Glow Plug-Integrated Cylinder Pressure Sensor for Closed Loop Engine Control

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek T. Wlodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Glow Plug

scholarly journals Smart in-cylinder pressure sensor for closed-loop combustion control

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Dennis Vollberg ◽  
Peter Gibson ◽  
Günter Schultes ◽  
Hans-Werner Groh ◽  
Thomas Heinze
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Engine Control Unit ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Smart Electronics

Abstract. Our approach of a closed-loop combustion control is built on an intensively evaluated robust cylinder pressure sensor with integrated smart electronics and an openly programmed engine control unit. The presented pressure sensor consists of a steel membrane and a highly strain-sensitive thin film with laser-welded electrical contacts. All components are optimized for reliable operation at high temperatures. The sensor setup safely converts the in-cylinder pressure of a combustion engine at temperatures of up to 200 ∘C into the desired electrical values. Furthermore, the embedded smart electronics provides a fast analogue to digital conversion and subsequently computes significant combustion parameters in real time, based on implemented thermodynamic equations, namely the 50 % mass fraction burned, the indicated mean effective pressure, the maximum pressure and a digital value, which represents the intensity of knocking. Only these aggregated parameters – not the running pressure values – are sent to the engine control unit. The data communication between the smart sensor and the engine control unit is based on the controller area network bus system, which is widely spread in the automotive industry and allows a robust data transfer minimizing electrical interferences. The established closed-loop combustion control is able to control the ignition angle in accordance with the 50 % mass fraction burned at a certain crankshaft angle. With this loop, the combustion engine is controlled and run efficiently even if the ignition angle is intentionally incorrectly adjusted. The controlled and automatic correction of simulated ageing effects is demonstrated as well as the self-adjustment of an efficient operation when different fuels are used. In addition, our approach saves the computing capacity of the engine control unit by outsourcing the data processing to the sensor system.

Real-time IMEP Estimation for Torque-based Engine Control using an In-cylinder Pressure Sensor

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungsuk Oh ◽  
Daekyung Kim ◽  
Junsoo Kim ◽  
Byounggul Oh ◽  
Kangyoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure

scholarly journals Accommodation Closed-loop Control of Dieseline Fueled Flexible Fuel Engine Based on In-cylinder Pressure Sensor

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaodong Hu ◽  
Tianyuan Zhou ◽  
Changsheng Yao ◽  
Fuyuan Yang ◽  
Jinli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Loop Control

scholarly journals A Virtual In-Cylinder Pressure Sensor Based on EKF and Frequency-Amplitude-Modulation Fourier-Series Method

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3122
Author(s):  
Qiming Wang ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Zhichao Lyu ◽  
Dawei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Cumulative Error ◽  
Optimal Output ◽  
Iteration Model ◽  
Error Percentage

As a crucial and critical factor in monitoring the internal state of an engine, cylinder pressure is mainly used to monitor the burning efficiency, to detect engine faults, and to compute engine dynamics. Although the intrusive type cylinder pressure sensor has been greatly improved, it has been criticized by researchers for high cost, low reliability and short life due to severe working environments. Therefore, aimed at low-cost, real-time, non-invasive, and high-accuracy, this paper presents the cylinder pressure identification method also called a virtual cylinder pressure sensor, involving Frequency-Amplitude Modulated Fourier Series (FAMFS) and Extended-Kalman-Filter-optimized (EKF) engine model. This paper establishes an iterative speed model based on burning theory and Law of energy Conservation. Efficiency coefficient is used to represent operating state of engine from fuel to motion. The iterative speed model associated with the throttle opening value and the crankshaft load. The EKF is used to estimate the optimal output of this iteration model. The optimal output of the speed iteration model is utilized to separately compute the frequency and amplitude of the cylinder pressure cycle-to-cycle. A standard engine’s working cycle, identified by the 24th order Fourier series, is determined. Using frequency and amplitude obtained from the iteration model to modulate the Fourier series yields a complete pressure model. A commercial engine (EA211) provided by the China FAW Group corporate R&D center is used to verify the method. Test results show that this novel method possesses high accuracy and real-time capability, with an error percentage for speed below 9.6% and the cumulative error percentage of cylinder pressure less than 1.8% when A/F Ratio coefficient is setup at 0.85. Error percentage for speed below 1.7% and the cumulative error percentage of cylinder pressure no more than 1.4% when A/F Ratio coefficient is setup at 0.95. Thus, the novel method’s accuracy and feasibility are verified.

Spark Ignition Feedback Control by Means of Combustion Phase Indicators on Steady and Transient Operation

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pipitone Emiliano
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Timing Control ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Combustion Phase ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
And Control

In order to reduce fuel cost and CO2 emissions, modern spark ignition (SI) engines need to lower as much as possible fuel consumption. A crucial factor for efficiency improvement is represented by the combustion phase, which in an SI engine is controlled acting on the spark advance. This fundamental engine parameter is currently controlled in an open-loop by means of maps stored in the electronic control unit (ECU) memory: such kind of control, however, does not allow running the engine always at its best performance, since optimal combustion phase depends on many variables, like ambient conditions, fuel quality, engine aging, and wear, etc. A better choice would be represented by a closed-loop spark timing control, which may be pursued by means of combustion phase indicators, i.e., parameters mostly derived from in-cylinder pressure analysis that assume fixed reference values when the combustion phase is optimal. As documented in literature (Pestana, 1989, “Engine Control Methods Using Combustion Pressure Feedback,” SAE Paper No. 890758; BERU Pressure Sensor Glow Plug (PSG) for Diesel Engines, http://beru.federalmogul.com; Sensata CPOS SERIES—Cylinder Pressure Only Sensors, http://www.sensata.com/download/cpos.pdf; Malaczynski et al., 2013, “Ion-Sense-Based Real-Time Combustion Sensing for Closed-Loop Engine Control,” SAE Int. J. Eng., 6(1), pp. 267–277; Yoshihisa et al., 1988, “MBT Control Through Individual Cylinder Pressure Detection,” SAE Paper 881779; Powell, 1993, “Engine Control Using Cylinder Pressure: Past, Present, and Future,” J. Dyn. Syst., Meas. Control, 115, pp. 343–350; Muller et al., 2000, “Combustion Pressure Based Engine Management System,” SAE Paper 2000-01-0928; Yoon et al., 2000, “Closed-Loop Control of Spark Advance and Air-Fuel Ratio in SI Engines Using Cylinder Pressure,” SAE Paper 2000-01-0933; Eriksson, 1999, “Spark Advance Modeling and Control,” Dissertation N° 580, Linkoping Studies in Science and Technology, Linköping, Sweden; Samir et al., 2011, “Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic-Based Spark Advance Control of SI Engines,” Expert Syst. Appl., 38, pp. 6916–6925; Cook et al., 1947, “Spark-Timing Control Based on Correlation of Maximum-Economy Spark Timing, Flame-Front Travel, and Cylinder Pressure Rise,” NACA Technical Note 1217; Bargende, 1995, “Most Optimal Location of 50% Mass Fraction Burned and Automatic Knock Detection,” MTZ, 10(56), pp. 632–638.), the use of combustion phase indicators allows the determination of the best spark advance, apart from any variable or boundary condition. The implementation of a feedback spark timing control, based on the use of these combustion phase indicators, would ensure the minimum fuel consumption in every possible condition. Despite the presence of many literature references on the use combustion phase indicators, there is no evidence of any experimental comparison on the performance obtainable, in terms of both control accuracy and transient response, by the use of such indicators in a spark timing feedback control. The author, hence, carried out a proper experimental campaign comparing the performances of a proportional-integral spark timing control based on the use of five different in-cylinder pressure derived indicators. The experiments were carried out on a bench test, equipped with a series production four cylinder spark ignition engine and an eddy current dynamometer, using two data acquisition (DAQ) systems for data acquisition and spark timing control. Pressure sampling was performed by means of a flush mounted piezoelectric pressure transducer with the resolution of one crank angle degree. The feedback control was compared to the conventional map based control in terms of response time, control stability, and control accuracy in three different kinds of tests: steady-state, step response, and transient operation. All the combustion phase indicators proved to be suitable for proportional-integral feedback spark advance control, allowing fast and reliable control even in transient operations.

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