Influence of DME Addition Fuel on Direct Injection Diesel Engine Diesel Particulate Matter (PM) Generation

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Takezaki ◽  
Yusuke Kinosita ◽  
Satoshi Kato
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Diesel Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Characterisation of Minor Chemical Elements in Diesel Particulate Matter by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Richard Viskup ◽  
Christoph Wolf ◽  
Werner Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Diesel Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

In this research, we investigate the minor chemical elements contained in the diesel particulate matter (DPM) exhaust emissions, generated by in-use diesel engine passenger vehicles. For this purpose, we apply a high-resolution optical emission spectroscopy technique, for precise spectrochemical analysis of diesel particulate matter. By means of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analytical method, we qualitatively and quantitatively characterise detected minor chemical elements in DPM. Particulate matter samples were obtained from in-use diesel engine passenger vehicles of diverse types and models from major brand car producers in Europe. We analysed particulate matter, extracted from the exhaust manifold part, from vehicles, which are used in daily life environment. The LIBS technique has revealed the presence of minor chemical elements in DPM -silicon, nickel, titan, potassium, strontium, and molybdenum with diverse concentrations.

Carbon in diesel participate matter: Structure, microwave absorption, and oxidation

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1075-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Suresh Babu ◽  
L. Farinash ◽  
M.S. Seehra
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Microwave Absorption ◽  
Perturbation Technique ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Diesel Particulate Matter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
X Ray

The structural, microwave absorption, and oxidation characteristics of diesel particulate matter (DPM) collected from a CAT 3304 diesel engine are reported. The x-ray diffraction of DPM yields the characteristic peaks of pregraphitic carbons (cokes and pitches), and its modeling yields d(002) ≍ 3.429 Å and a crystallite size of about 20 Å. The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant ∊ = ∊′ + i∊″ are measured at 8.7 GHz using the cavity perturbation technique. The measured values for the DPM are ∊′ = 8.6 ± 1.7 and ∊″ = 7.4 ± 1.5, compared to ∊′ ≍ 1.0 and ∊″ ≍ 6 × 10−5 for the ceramic trap material used for collecting DPM. The oxidation products of the DPM, analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy, are found to contain CO2 and CO with a peak yield occurring around 500 °C. Since microwave power absorption is proportional to ∊″, these results show that selective microwave heating of the DPM in the ceramic traps should be a very efficient process with CO2 and CO as the main oxidation products.

Effects of oxygenated blending compounds on emissions from a turbocharged direct injection diesel engine

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Litzinger ◽  
M Stoner ◽  
H Hess ◽  
A Boehman
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Diethyl Maleate ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Dibutyl Maleate

An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of three different oxygenated compounds, diglyme, diethyl maleate and dibutyl maleate, on emissions from a Volkswagen 1.9 litre, turbocharged, direct injection diesel engine. Sampling was performed using a mini-dilution tunnel technique to obtain particulate matter and a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer for gaseous emissions. The particulate samples were analysed using thermal analysis and Soxhlet extraction to determine the fraction of volatile and soluble organic material respectively. All three oxygenated compounds were found to be effective at reducing particulate emissions, with the maleate compounds being more effective overall than the diglyme. Analysis of the relative contributions of changes in the soot and soluble organic fraction (SOF) to the reduction of particulate matter indicated that, for diethyl maleate and diglyme, reductions in soot were the dominant effect. No consistent trends in NOx emissions were observed, although the diethyl maleate, which was most effective at reducing the particulate matter, increased the NOx slightly at most of the test conditions. Differences in the combustion chemistry of the additives are discussed as a possible explanation of the greater effectiveness of the maleate compounds in reducing soot, as well as for the difference in the effectiveness of diethyl and dibutyl maleate.

Effects of CVS Tunnel, Ambient and Instrument Dilution on Characteristics of Nano Diesel Particulate Matter Evolution

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuebin Wu ◽  
Nigel N. Clark ◽  
Daniel K. Carder
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Diesel Particulate Matter ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Exhaust Plume

In 2007, U.S. certification standards for heavy duty on-road diesel engine particulate matter (PM) emissions were reduced from 0.1g/bhp-hr to 0.01g/bhp-hr, representing an order of magnitude reduction in pollutant level. The Tier 4 standards for nonroad diesel engines, being phased in from 2008 through 2015, also require similar level of reduction in PM. Most conventional diesel engines could meet these low PM standards, once equipped with a diesel particulate filter (DPF). However, accurate, repeatable measurements of this PM may pose significant challenges. Gravimetric PM measurement involves diluting exhaust, then collecting the resultant aerosol sample on approved filter media. Few data exist to characterize the evolution of particulate matter (PM) in dilution tunnels, particularly at very low PM mass levels. Data are lacking as well, for PM evolution in portable dilution instruments and in exhaust plumes downstream of the tailpipe. Size distributions of ultra-fine particles in the diesel exhaust from a naturally aspirated ISUZU C240 diesel engine, equipped with a DPF, were studied. Particle size distribution data, during steady-state engine operations, were collected using a Cambustion DMS500 Fast Particulate Spectrometer. The effects of dilution ratios, dilution rates, and residence times on the diesel particulate matter (DPM) size distributions were analyzed and discussed. Measurements were made for three dilution methods: dilution in standard primary and secondary-dilution tunnels with a full scale Constant Volume Sampler (CVS) system, instrument dilution with a Portable Particulate Measurement Device (PPMD), and ambient dilution at the post-tailpipe exhaust plume centerline. Gaseous emissions measurements were utilized as surrogate confirmation of adequate mixing at the various measurement locations, as well as an indicator of dilution ratios. Tunnel sample results indicated varying size distributions at tunnel cross sections where the flow was still developing. Evolution of particle-size distributions was observed even for fully mixed primary flow conditions. Size distributions at the end of the secondary dilution tunnel were observed to vary with different secondary-dilution ratios. Particle-size distributions of post-tailpipe and PPMD test results were analyzed and compared with those results collected from the full-flow tunnel. Results from post-tailpipe sampling indicate that nucleation was the dominant process when the exhaust plume was diluted along the post-tailpipe centerline. Results from PPMD dilution measurements indicate that change of particle-size-distribution curves, including number count and mass concentration levels, were not as strongly correlated to dilution ratios as were the results from the other two sampling methods. This study shows that particle-size distributions measured inside full-flow dilution tunnel can adequately mimic freshly emitted exhaust sampled immediately post-tailpipe.

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