Modeling of Fuel Consumption for Heavy-Duty Trucks and the Impact of Tire Rolling Resistance

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim J. Laclair ◽  
Russell Truemner
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
The Impact

The Influence of Rolling Resistance on Fuel Consumption in Heavy-Duty Vehicles

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mammetti ◽  
David Gallegos ◽  
Alex Freixas ◽  
Jordi Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

scholarly journals Characterization of Real-World Pollutant Emissions and Fuel Consumption of Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks with Latest Emissions Control

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Keramydas ◽  
Leonidas Ntziachristos ◽  
Christos Tziourtzioumis ◽  
Georgios Papadopoulos ◽  
Ting-Shek Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Real World ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Diesel Trucks ◽  
The Impact

Heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) comprise a key source of road transport emissions and energy consumption worldwide mainly due to the growth of road freight traffic during the last two decades. Addressing their air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions is therefore required, while accurate emission factors are needed to logistically optimize their operation. This study characterizes real-world emissions and fuel consumption (FC) of HDDTs and investigates the factors that affect their performance. Twenty-two diesel-fueled, Euro IV to Euro VI, HDDTs of six different manufacturers were measured in the road network of the Hong Kong metropolitan area, using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). The testing routes included urban, highway and mixed urban/highway driving. The data collected corresponds to a wide range of driving, operating, and ambient conditions. Real-world distance- and energy-based emission levels are presented in a comparative manner to capture the effect of after-treatment technologies and the role of the evolution of Euro standards on emissions performance. The emission factors’ uncertainty is analyzed. The impact of speed, road grade and vehicle weight loading on FC and emissions is investigated. An analysis of diesel particulate filter (DPF) regenerations and ammonia (NH3) slip events are presented along with the study of Nitrous oxide (N2O) formation. The results reveal deviations of real-world HDDTs emissions from emission limits, as well as the significant impact of different operating and driving factors on their performance. The occasional high levels of N2O emissions from selective catalytic reduction equipped HDDTs is also revealed, an issue that has not been thoroughly considered so far.

scholarly journals Roughness-Induced Pavement–Vehicle Interactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2525 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arghavan Louhghalam ◽  
Mehdi Akbarian ◽  
Franz-Joseph Ulm
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantity ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Density Parameter ◽  
Pavement Roughness ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
The Impact

Pavement roughness affects rolling resistance and thus vehicle fuel consumption. When a vehicle travels at constant speed on an uneven road surface, the mechanical work dissipated in the vehicle's suspension system is compensated by vehicle engine power and results in excess fuel consumption. This dissipation depends on both road roughness and vehicle dynamic characteristics. This paper proposes, calibrates, and implements a mechanistic model for roughness-induced dissipation. The distinguishing feature of the model is its combination of a thermodynamic quantity (energy dissipation) with results from random vibration theory to identify the governing parameters that drive the excess fuel consumption caused by pavement roughness, namely, the international roughness index (IRI) and the waviness number, w (a power spectral density parameter). It is shown through sensitivity analysis that the sensitivity of model output, that is, excess fuel consumption, to the waviness number is significant and comparable to that of IRI. Thus, introducing the waviness number as a second roughness index, in addition to IRI, allows a more accurate quantification of the impact of surface characteristics on vehicle fuel consumption and the corresponding greenhouse gas emissions. This aspect is illustrated by application of the roughness–fuel consumption model to two road profiles extracted from FHWA's Long-Term Pavement Performance database.

Life Cycle Assessment of Complex Heavy Duty Equipment

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjung Kwak ◽  
Louis Kim ◽  
Obaid Sarvana ◽  
Harrison M. Kim ◽  
Peter Finamore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) study of heavy duty off-road equipment. The machine studied here is a typical piece of diesel construction machinery equipped with the iT4 (interim Tier 4) certified diesel engine. Two life cycle impact assessment methods, Eco-Indicator 99 and IPCC 2007, are used to calculate the environmental impact and global warming potential associated with the machine’s life cycle, from material extraction to end-of-life recycling and disposal. Due to fuel consumption and emissions, machine utilization during the usage phase is expected to account for most of the total environmental impact. However, the impact from usage can vary greatly, depending on how customers use the machine. To take into account various machine usage patterns, this LCA study performs two sensitivity analyses, varying the load factor and varying the fuel consumption rate, respectively.

Extreme Miller cycle with high intake boost for improved efficiency and emissions in heavy-duty diesel engines

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110593
Author(s):  
Erick Garcia ◽  
Vassilis Triantopoulos ◽  
Joseph Trzaska ◽  
Maxwell Taylor ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Valve Train ◽  
Miller Cycle ◽  
Intake Valve ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
The Impact

This study experimentally investigates the impact of extreme Miller cycle strategies paired with high intake manifold pressures on the combustion process, emissions, and thermal efficiency of heavy-duty diesel engines. Well-controlled experiments isolating the effect of Miller cycle strategies on the combustion process were conducted at constant engine speed and load (1160 rpm, 1.76 MPa net IMEP) on a single cylinder research engine equipped with a fully-flexible hydraulic valve train system. Late intake valve closing (LIVC) timing strategies were compared to a conventional intake valve profile under either constant cylinder composition, constant engine-out NOx emission, or constant overall turbocharger efficiency ([Formula: see text]) to investigate the operating constraints that favor Miller cycle operation over the baseline strategy. Utilizing high boost with conventional intake valve closing timing resulted in improved fuel consumption at the expense of sharp increases in peak cylinder pressures, engine-out NOx emissions, and reduced exhaust temperatures. Miller cycle without EGR at constant [Formula: see text] demonstrated LIVC strategies effectively reduce engine-out NOx emissions by up to 35%. However, Miller cycle associated with very aggressive LIVC timings led to fuel consumption penalties due to increased pumping work and exhaust enthalpy. LIVC strategies allowed for increased charge dilution at the baseline NOx constraint of 3.2 g/kWh, resulting in significant fuel consumption benefits over the baseline case without compromising exhaust temperatures or peak cylinder pressures. As Miller cycle implementation was shown to affect the boundary conditions dictating [Formula: see text], the LIVC and conventional IVC cases were studied at an equivalent [Formula: see text] point representative of high boost operation. With high boost, LIVC yielded reduced NOx emissions, reduced peak cylinder pressures, and elevated exhaust temperatures compared to the conventional IVC case without compromising fuel consumption.

Stochastic Analysis of Rolling Resistance Energy Dissipation for a Tractor-Trailer Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (11) ◽  
pp. 593-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seunggu Kang ◽  
Hasan Ozer ◽  
Imad L. Al-Qadi ◽  
Billie F. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Quarter Car Model ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Road Roughness ◽  
Quantitative Manner ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

Rolling resistance because of road roughness is often the largest contributor to energy consumption in the environmental assessment of pavement life cycle. Although fuel consumption of passenger vehicles caused by roadway roughness is well studied, further research is needed for truck fuel consumption models utilizing mechanistic approaches. Existing models estimating trucks’ excess fuel consumption because of rolling resistance are based on empirical models or simplified mechanistic models such as the quarter car model. Such approaches may not fully capture the complex dynamic motion of a tractor-trailer. This study suggests a stochastic method utilizing the analytical solution based on a tractor-trailer model to calculate excess truck fuel consumption because of roughness and speed. The illustrative examples show that excess truck fuel consumption tends to increase nonlinearly with roughness; fuel consumption increases with speed but drops after 104 km/h (65 mph) because of a rapid increase in aerodynamic drag at very high speeds. The effect of new generation wide-base tires (NG-WBT) in lieu of the standard dual tire assembly was studied using the introduced model. Results indicate that NG-WBT reduced excess fuel consumption because of roughness by 11% and 8% at 56 km/h and 80 km/h (35 mph and 50 mph), respectively. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation was conducted at two speeds and the simulation results were in agreement with the analytical solution. The results from the developed model and the validation using illustrative examples confirm the impact of roughness and speed on truck fuel consumption in a quantitative manner.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document