Estimation of the Mean Value Engine Torque Using an Extended Kalman Filter

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Grünbacher ◽  
P. Kefer ◽  
L. Del Re
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Extended Kalman Filter ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
The Mean

Investigation on adaptive method of torque characteristic in dual clutch transmission during launch phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-584
Author(s):  
Hongtao Hao ◽  
Tongli Lu ◽  
Jianwu Zhang ◽  
Wenjie Ding
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Extended Kalman Filter ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Adaptive Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Dual Clutch Transmission ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Application Potential

To reduce sliding friction work and clutch judder, an adaptive method of torque characteristic in dual clutch transmission during launch phase is presented in this paper. The proposed approach provides a tool to identify the change of torque characteristic and adapt it in real time. Firstly, to reduce the influence of the error between the nominal engine torque and the actual engine torque, the estimator based on the extended Kalman filter is designed to estimate the transmitted torque of the dual-clutch transmission during launch phase. Furthermore, the torque characteristic adaptive method is presented by a combination of the estimator with the improved Least Square Method. Then, based on the established driveline model of the dual-clutch transmission, the torque characteristic adaptive method during launch phase is validated by MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, in order to further evaluate the application potential of the adaptive method, the experiments are conducted on a production vehicle equipped with the wet dual-clutch transmission. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed algorithms work well.

Single Machine Infinite Bus Power System Control With Resilient Extended Kalman Filter

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Gu ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Power System ◽  
Extended Kalman Filter ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Linear Estimator ◽  
System Control ◽  
Sensor Failure ◽  
Power System Control ◽  
Sensor Failures

The Extended Kalman Filter is commonly used as a non-linear estimator for engineering practices. However, the Extended Kalman Filter’s performance degrades or may even become unstable when the measurement data becomes inaccurate through random measurement failures, which is a widespread problem in many data-intensive control applications. To address this issue, the paper proposes an improved Extended Kalman Filter which is resilient against sensor failures. This work focuses on the Resilient Extended Kalman Filter’s derivation with its application to the single generator infinite bus power system. The sensor failure rate is modeled as a Binomial distribution with a known mean value. The performance of the proposed Resilient Extended Kalman Filter is compared with the traditional Extended Kalman Filter under various chances of sensor failures.

An Extended Kalman Filter implementation for estimating the mass of a passenger vehicle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. J. Galvão ◽  
Raony M. Fontes ◽  
Daniel D. Santana ◽  
Reiner Requião
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Extended Kalman Filter ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Mass Estimation ◽  
Vehicle Mass ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Filter Approach

The vehicle mass is an important information to guarantee drivability, performance feel, fuel economy and safety. In this sense, the application of strategies to reach these goals depends on how accurate the vehicle operating information is, requiring a precise and robust algorithm. This paper proposes an offline mass estimation method to passenger cars, using the Extended Kalman Filter. The method combines the filter approach whereby only the speed is provided as a measurement with a parameter estimation to adjust possible modelling errors and to calculate a proposed engine torque. Tests in city routes were done in controlled dynamics to guarantee the effectiveness of the estimation and the simulation results presented errors below 5%.

Kalman Filtering Error Due to Inaccuracy in Filter’s Initial Condition

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gajic ◽  
J. Boka
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Kalman Filtering ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Optimal Linear ◽  
The Mean

It is a very well known fact that the initial condition of the optimal linear Kalman filter has to be set at the mean value of the system initial state. In this paper, we have derived an expression for the filtering error in the case when this condition is not satisfied. Both continuous- and discrete-time domain filters are considered. The obtained results are simple and elegant and clearly indicate the effect of the erroneous filter’s initial condition. An example is included in order to demonstrate the results obtained.

Long-period modulated superstructures in Pd-12.5 at.%Ce and Pd-15 at.%Ce alloys

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Kuwano ◽  
Masaru Itakura ◽  
Kensuke Oki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Ultra High Purity ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Atomic Scattering ◽  
The Mean

Pd-Ce alloys exhibit various anomalies in physical properties due to mixed valences of Ce, and the anomalies are thought to be strongly related with the crystal structures. Since Pd and Ce are both heavy elements, relative magnitudes of (fcc-fpd) are so small compared with <f> that superlattice reflections, even if any, sometimes cannot be detected in conventional x-ray powder patterns, where fee and fpd are atomic scattering factors of Ce and Pd, and <f> the mean value in the crystal. However, superlattices in Pd-Ce alloys can be analyzed by electron microscopy, thanks to the high detectability of electron diffraction. In this work, we investigated modulated superstructures in alloys with 12.5 and 15.0 at.%Ce.Ingots of Pd-Ce alloys were prepared in an arc furnace under atmosphere of ultra high purity argon. The disc specimens cut out from the ingots were heat-treated in vacuum and electrothinned to electron transparency by a jet method.

Partition Coefficient Ratios and Tumour Perfusion Studied with 85mKr and 133Xe

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
M. Mäntylä ◽  
J. Perkkiö ◽  
J. Heikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
The Mean

The relative partition coefficients of krypton and xenon, and the regional blood flow in 27 superficial malignant tumour nodules in 22 patients with diagnosed tumours were measured using the 85mKr- and 133Xe-clearance method. In order to minimize the effect of biological variables on the measurements the radionuclides were injected simultaneously into the tumour. The distribution of the radiotracers was assumed to be in equilibrium at the beginning of the experiment. The blood perfusion was calculated by fitting a two-exponential function to the measuring points. The mean value of the perfusion rate calculated from the xenon results was 13 ± 10 ml/(100 g-min) [range 3 to 38 ml/(100 g-min)] and from the krypton results 19 ± 11 ml/(100 g-min) [range 5 to 45 ml/(100 g-min)]. These values were obtained, if the partition coefficients are equal to one. The equations obtained by using compartmental analysis were used for the calculation of the relative partition coefficient of krypton and xenon. The partition coefficient of krypton was found to be slightly smaller than that of xenon, which may be due to its smaller molecular weight.

Detection of Soluble Fibrin Monomer Complexes in Blood by Means of Protamine Sulphate Test

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 044-049 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lipiński ◽  
K Worowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Coronary Thrombosis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Protamine Sulphate ◽  
Soluble Fibrin ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Dog Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precipitable Protein

SummaryIn the present paper described is a simple test for detecting soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) in blood. The test consists in mixing 1% protamine sulphate with diluted oxalated plasma or serum and reading the optical density at 6190 Å. In experiments with dog plasma, enriched with soluble fibrin complexes, it was shown that OD read in PS test is proportional to the amount of fibrin recovered from the precipitate. It was found that SFMC level in plasma increases in rabbits infused intravenously with thrombin and decreases after injection of plasmin with streptokinase. In both cases PS precipitable protein in serum is elevated indicating enhanced fibrinolysis. In healthy human subjects the mean value of OD readings in plasma and sera were found to be 0.30 and 0.11, while in patients with coronary thrombosis they are 0.64 and 0.05 respectively. The origin of SFMC in circulation under physiological and pathological conditions is discussed.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

Determination of Plasminogen in Clots and Thrombi

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 038-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Casein Solution ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe plasminogen content was determined by a casein method in plasma and serum from 20 normal volunteers. The mean plasminogen content was found to be 10.1 ACU (the arbitrary caseinolytic unit defined in such a way that using a 3% casein solution and a digestion time of 20 min. at 37°C, 10 ACU gave an extinction of 0.300). No difference between serum and plasma regarding the plasminogen content was found.Plasminogen was determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from 2 ml plasma. The highest values found in the drained clots were 0.9 ACU/clot and 0.2 ACU/clot in the drained plus washed clots.Plasminogen was also determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from plasma with added purified plasminogen. The plasminogen was recovered in the washing fluid. According to these tests, then, purified added plasminogen is washed out of the clots.The plasminogen content of 20 thrombi obtained post mortem was also determined. The mean value was found to be 0.7 ACU/cm thrombus. Judging from our results, the “intrinsic clot lysis theory” is not the main mechanism of clot dissolution.

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