Characteristics and Performance of the Japanese Experimental Module (JEM) Air Ventilation

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang H. Son ◽  
Ichiro Aoki ◽  
Mitsuyuki Kozuma ◽  
Sadamu Ito ◽  
Terumasa Kohama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Ventilation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Japanese Experimental Module

Simulation and Analysis of a Secondary HVAC System Using MATLAB/SIMULINK Platform

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Rogerio Novak ◽  
Nathan Mendes ◽  
Gustavo Henrique da Costa Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Computer Code ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Secondary System ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Hygrothermal Behavior ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cooling Coil

In this paper, the mathematical model of a secondary system (fan-coil) of a HVAC equipment is described. This system was inserted into a computer code developed in Matlab/Simulink platform devoted to the analysis of buildings hygrothermal behavior and performance of closed-loop control systems. The model is presented in terms of state-space variables that represent the energy and mass balance for each component of the fan-coil. Results are presented in terms of a comparative analysis of the cooling coil temperature and external air ventilation rate effects on the room air psychrometrics state. Finally, the control system performance is presented for both temperature and relative humidity.

Designing the well-tempered institution of 1873

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Cook ◽  
Tanis Hinchcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Ventilation System ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
And Performance

The Museum of Natural History in London exemplified the state of environmental services when it was built in 1873. Although the admirable qualities of the building's natural lighting have sometimes been noticed, other aspects of its environmental design have drawn little comment. This paper explores the fabric of the building behind the scenes, related to the integral construction for ventilation. Recent on-site investigations under the floor of the basement, within the attics and elsewhere, reveal the former presence of a comprehensive fresh-air ventilation system of surprising versatility before the advent of electrically-driven fans. Archival documents provide details. The design and performance of such fresh-air systems inform us about the evolution of building services and about the practice of architecture and engineering as distinct professions. And the forgotten knowledge revealed may serve to help in the design of natural and low energy systems for large buildings today.

Validation and Various Qualifications in HVAC System - A Review from Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Prospect

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit B Patil ◽  
Varun Kumar K R ◽  
Ajay P Karnalli
Keyword(s):  
Air Flow ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Integrity Test ◽  
Particle Count ◽  
Operational Qualification ◽  
Performance Qualification ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Test Pressure ◽  
And Performance

The safety of personnel and efficacy of the material including raw ingredients, in-process goods and finished products as well as machineries in the pharmaceutical industry is majorly impacted by the air ventilation quality within the industry. HVAC system stands for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning system, which ensures the optimum quality of air environment as directed by regulatory authorities. The performance of HVAC system is ascertained by conducting validation of this system within specified duration. Validation of HVAC system is achieved at three levels such as installation qualification (IQ), operational qualification (OQ), and performance qualification (PQ); Which is subject to provide documented evidence about the accuracy of results produced by it. The validation of HVAC system involves systemized and assembled documents of its functional specifications such as design drawings, plans, and specifications; followed by validation master plan involving testing, adjusting, and balancing (TAB); and finally, the startup reports. The parameters analyzed are air flow velocity, air flow pattern, air changes per hour, filter leak test, particle count, viable monitoring, filter integrity test, pressure difference, recovery test for temperature and humidity, temperature and humidity uniformity, and fresh air determination.

scholarly journals Ernte und Aufbereitung von Plantagenholz | Harvesting and conditioning of wood from short-rotation plantations

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (6) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Grosse ◽  
Dirk Landgraf ◽  
Volkhard Scholz ◽  
Joachim Brummack
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
The Self ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
And Performance

Short-rotation plantations are harvested in cycles of three to twenty years, depending on the production aim. In contrast to the establishment and recultivation costs, the costs for harvesting and processing of the wood occur regularly. The harvesting technology should be chosen with respect to the desired outcome – logs or chips. This is crucial for the process costs as well as the possible performance. A combination of forestry harvesters and forwarders is recommended when logs will be harvested. If the wood will be used energetically, an agricultural combined harvester and chipper fitted with suitable harvesting aggregates is the best technology with respect to productivity and performance, as well as for economic reasons. For drying the wood chips, an air ventilation process based on the self-heating of freshly harvested wood chips is an effective method for drying the wood without external energy input. With this method, it is possible to reduce the water content to 30% within three months.

Transmission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Analysis with the Siemens ELMISKOP 101

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
H. M. Thieringer
Keyword(s):  
Objective Lens ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Ray Path ◽  
Beam Diffraction

It has repeatedly been show that with conventional electron microscopes very fine electron probes can be produced, therefore allowing various micro-techniques such as micro recording, X-ray microanalysis and convergent beam diffraction. In this paper the function and performance of an SIEMENS ELMISKOP 101 used as a scanning transmission microscope (STEM) is described. This mode of operation has some advantages over the conventional transmission microscopy (CTEM) especially for the observation of thick specimen, in spite of somewhat longer image recording times.Fig.1 shows schematically the ray path and the additional electronics of an ELMISKOP 101 working as a STEM. With a point-cathode, and using condensor I and the objective lens as a demagnifying system, an electron probe with a half-width ob about 25 Å and a typical current of 5.10-11 amp at 100 kV can be obtained in the back focal plane of the objective lens.

Angular Resolved Electron Spectroscopy with Parallel Recording

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-371
Author(s):  
Huang Min ◽  
P.S. Flora ◽  
C.J. Harland ◽  
J.A. Venables
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Solid Angle ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Cylindrical Mirror ◽  
Inner Radius ◽  
Channel Plate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Type Detector

A cylindrical mirror analyser (CMA) has been built with a parallel recording detection system. It is being used for angular resolved electron spectroscopy (ARES) within a SEM. The CMA has been optimised for imaging applications; the inner cylinder contains a magnetically focused and scanned, 30kV, SEM electron-optical column. The CMA has a large inner radius (50.8mm) and a large collection solid angle (Ω > 1sterad). An energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 1-2% has been achieved. The design and performance of the combination SEM/CMA instrument has been described previously and the CMA and detector system has been used for low voltage electron spectroscopy. Here we discuss the use of the CMA for ARES and present some preliminary results.The CMA has been designed for an axis-to-ring focus and uses an annular type detector. This detector consists of a channel-plate/YAG/mirror assembly which is optically coupled to either a photomultiplier for spectroscopy or a TV camera for parallel detection.

Novel epoxy/anhydride alternatives for biological electron microscopy: Physical and performance characteristis of embed 812 and LX 112 in combination with NSA/NMA/DMAE

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1000-1001
Author(s):  
Joe A. Mascorro ◽  
Gerald S. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
Base Resin ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Acid Anhydrides

Embedding media based upon an epoxy resin of choice and the acid anhydrides dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA), nadic methyl anhydride (NMA), and catalyzed by the tertiary amine 2,4,6-Tri(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (DMP-30) are widely used in biological electron microscopy. These media possess a viscosity character that can impair tissue infiltration, particularly if original Epon 812 is utilized as the base resin. Other resins that are considerably less viscous than Epon 812 now are available as replacements. Likewise, nonenyl succinic anhydride (NSA) and dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) are more fluid than their counterparts DDSA and DMP- 30 commonly used in earlier formulations. This work utilizes novel epoxy and anhydride combinations in order to produce embedding media with desirable flow rate and viscosity parameters that, in turn, would allow the medium to optimally infiltrate tissues. Specifically, embeding media based on EmBed 812 or LX 112 with NSA (in place of DDSA) and DMAE (replacing DMP-30), with NMA remaining constant, are formulated and offered as alternatives for routine biological work.Individual epoxy resins (Table I) or complete embedding media (Tables II-III) were tested for flow rate and viscosity. The novel media were further examined for their ability to infilftrate tissues, polymerize, sectioning and staining character, as well as strength and stability to the electron beam and column vacuum. For physical comparisons, a volume (9 ml) of either resin or media was aspirated into a capillary viscocimeter oriented vertically. The material was then allowed to flow out freely under the influence of gravity and the flow time necessary for the volume to exit was recored (Col B,C; Tables). In addition, the volume flow rate (ml flowing/second; Col D, Tables) was measured. Viscosity (n) could then be determined by using the Hagen-Poiseville relation for laminar flow, n = c.p/Q, where c = a geometric constant from an instrument calibration with water, p = mass density, and Q = volume flow rate. Mass weight and density of the materials were determined as well (Col F,G; Tables). Infiltration schedules utilized were short (1/2 hr 1:1, 3 hrs full resin), intermediate (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) , or long (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) in total time. Polymerization schedules ranging from 15 hrs (overnight) through 24, 36, or 48 hrs were tested. Sections demonstrating gold interference colors were collected on unsupported 200- 300 mesh grids and stained sequentially with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Trace nanoanalysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 940-941
Author(s):  
D. E. Newbury ◽  
R. D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

Relationship of stress and performance among first-year dental students

1986 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
GH Westerman ◽  
TG Grandy ◽  
JV Lupo ◽  
RE Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Dental Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of
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