Capillary Tube Refactometer: A Novel Method for Measuring the Refractive Index of Crude Oil

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. El Ghandoor ◽  
E. Hegazi ◽  
Ibraheem Nasser ◽  
G. M. Behery
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Novel Method

Measuring the refractive index of crude oil using a capillary tube interferometer

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
H El Ghandoor ◽  
E Hegazi ◽  
Ibraheem Nasser ◽  
G.M Behery
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Capillary Tube

Solid–liquid–liquid phase envelopes from temperature-scanned refractive index data

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcides J. Sitoe ◽  
Franco Pretorius ◽  
Walter W. Focke ◽  
René Androsch ◽  
Elizabeth L. du Toit
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Upper Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation

Abstract A novel method for estimating the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)-polyethylene systems was developed. It was validated using data for the dimethylacetamide (DMA)-alkane systems which showed that refractive index mixing rules, linear in volume fraction, can accurately predict mixture composition for amide-alkane systems. Furthermore, rescaling the composition descriptor with a single adjustable parameter proved adequate to address any asymmetry when modeling the DMA-alkane phase envelopes. This allowed the translation of measured refractive index cooling trajectories of DEET-alkane systems into phase diagrams and facilitated the estimation of the UCST values by fitting the data with an adjusted composition descriptor model. For both the DEET- and DMA-alkane systems, linear behavior of UCST values in either the Flory–Huggins critical interaction parameter, or the alkane critical temperature, with increasing alkane molar mass is evident. The UCST values for polymer diluent systems were estimated by extrapolation using these two complimentary approaches. For the DEET-polyethylene system, values of 183.4 and 180.1 °C respectively were obtained. Both estimates are significantly higher than the melting temperature range of polyethylene. Initial liquid–liquid phase separation is therefore likely to be responsible for the previously reported microporous microstructure of materials formed from this binary system.

E EVALUASI MUTU MINYAK BUMI DENGAN DISTILASI TRUE BOILING POINT (TBP) BERDASARKAN PARAMETER UJI SIFAT FISIKA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PRODUK KEROSIN DAN AVTUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Dian Kurnia Sari ◽  
Rian Ternando
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Copper Strip

Minyak bumi dievaluasi guna menentukan potensi minyak bumi sebagai bahan baku kilang minyak untuk menghasilkan fraksi yang dikehendaki. Evaluasi yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian sifat umum minyak bumi, klasifikasi minyak bumi dengan distilasi True Boiling Point (TBP) wide cut (pemotongan jarak lebar) serta analisis fraksi kerosin. Fraksi kerosin yang dihasilkan dari primary process dapat diolah menjadi bahan bakar rumah tangga (minyak  tanah) dan bahan bakar lampu penerangan. Selain itu fraksi kerosin juga dapat dioalah menjadi bahan bakar untuk pesawat terbang jenis jet (avtur). Avtur adalah kerosin yang dengan  spesifikasi yang diperketat, terutama mengenai titik uap dan titik beku. Untuk melakukan pengolahan pada minyak bumi perlu diketahui karakteristik dan spesifikasi minyak  bumi (bahan baku) yang akan diolah untuk mengetahui mutu dan manfaat minyak bumi tersebut. Salah satu parameter uji analisis minyak bumi yaitu parameter sifat fisika. Dari data distilasi TBP diperoleh persentase fraksi kerosin Crude Oil 99 PT HS sebesar 29 % vol sedangkan Crude Oil 165 PT RT sebesar 23 % vol. Berdasarkan analisis sifat fisika yang meliputi Specific Gravity, Refractive Index nD20, Freezing Point, Smoke Point, Flash Point “Abel”, Aniline Point, Copper Strip Corrosion, Kinematic Viscosity dan Characterization KUOP. Crude Oil 99 dan Crude Oil 165 memiliki mutu yang baik serta memenuhi spesifikasi produk kerosin maupun produk avtur.

The optimal hedge strategy of crude oil spot and futures markets: Evidence from a novel method

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Tao Zhao ◽  
Ya Meng ◽  
Yue-Jun Zhang ◽  
Yun-Tao Li
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Futures Markets ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Optimal Hedge

scholarly journals Drift Reduction of a 4-DOF Measurement System Caused by Unstable Air Refractive Index

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6329
Author(s):  
Ruijun Li ◽  
Yongjun Wang ◽  
Pan Tao ◽  
Rongjun Cheng ◽  
Zhenying Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Novel Method

Laser beam drift greatly influences the accuracy of a four degrees of freedom (4-DOF) measurement system during the detection of machine tool errors, especially for long-distance measurement. A novel method was proposed using bellows to serve as a laser beam shield and air pumps to stabilize the refractive index of air. The inner diameter of the bellows and the control mode of the pumps were optimized through theoretical analysis and simulation. An experimental setup was established to verify the feasibility of the method under the temperature interference condition. The results indicated that the position stability of the laser beam spot can be improved by more than 79% under the action of pumping and inflating. The proposed scheme provides a cost-effective method to reduce the laser beam drift, which can be applied to improve the detection accuracy of a 4-DOF measurement system.

Flow of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Through Tubes and Porous Media

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Alvarado ◽  
S.S. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Newtonian Fluids ◽  
Capillary Tubes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Physical Laws

Abstract The flow of oil-in-water macroemulsions through both porous media and capillary tubes has been studied experimentally and described mathematically. Macroemulsions are those emulsions with most of their droplet diameters greater than I AM, which is the same order of magnitude as the pore constrictions. The emulsions were pumped with a positive displacement pump through several porous media and capillary tubes connected in series. The rheological behavior of macroemulsions with oil concentrations ranging from 10 to 70 vol% was obtained using capillary tube data. Emulsions with oil concentrations less than 50% behaved like Newtonian fluids, white those with concentrations greater than 50% behaved like pseudoplastic fluids. Viscoelastic effects were not observed for these fluids. A correlation, which uses both capillary and core flow data, was developed for describing the flow of non-Newtonian macroemulsions through porous media. This led to a general equation that reduced to Darcy's law for Newtonian fluids. The average relative error found when applying the method of correlation was +/- 4 %. Introduction The subject of emulsions is a broad field that includes many instances of application in industry. We are interested mainly in one specific area of application here - the oil industry. The study of emulsions has received considerable attention in petroleum research laboratories during the past 15 petroleum research laboratories during the past 15 years. The development of new methods of secondary recovery and the potential application of crude oil transportation through pipelines as stable emulsions have increased the number of research programs dealing with emulsions. programs dealing with emulsions. Macroemulsions, or ordinary emulsions, are dispersions of one liquid within another liquid. third component in an emulsion is the emulsifying agent or emulsifier, which has two principal functions:to decrease the interfacial tension between the liquids, thereby enabling easier formation of the greatly extended interface, andto stabilize the dispersed phase against coalescence once it is formed. With water or brine as one of the liquids, two types of emulsions are possible - oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. Note that most of worlds's crude oil is produced in emulsion form. These emulsions are generally water-in-crude oil emulsions, which are more viscous than either of their constituents. Since we are interested only in maximum economical oil production, it is a common practice to separate emulsions production, it is a common practice to separate emulsions into their components, thereby obtaining reduced viscosity. This is accomplished in the oil field by using chemical and heat treatments. In contrast to W/O emulsions, O/W emulsions have lower viscosities than their oil constituent. This was considered by some investigators during the development of systems for producing and transporting crude oil as O/W emulsions. During the last decade or so, a number of new secondary oil recovery processes have been developed. These methods include the use of high-viscosity emulsions to displace oil, the use of emulsion slugs between the displacing fluid (water) and the displaced fluid (Oil), and controlled viscosity microemulsions. We see that, for an engineer to describe properly the flow behavior of emulsions in both pipelines and reservoirs, he must know the properties of emulsions and the physical laws properties of emulsions and the physical laws controlling their flow through tubes and porous media. The purpose of this research was to study the flow of O/W macroemulsions through both porous media and capillary tubes. The rheological characteristics of emulsions were analyzed by using capillary viscometers. SPEJ P. 369

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