Real-Time Steady-State Measurement of PCV-Contribution to Oil Consumption on Ford 4.6 L SI-Engine

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Froelund
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
State Measurement ◽  
Steady State Measurement

Steady State Measurement of Oxygenation Capacity

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 303-311
Author(s):  
Kees de Korte ◽  
Peter Smits
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Usual Method ◽  
Steady State Method ◽  
State Measurement ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Air System ◽  
State Method ◽  
Steady State Measurement

The usual method for OC measurement is the non-steady state method (reaeration) in tapwater or, sometimes, in activated sludge. Both methods are more or less difficult and expensive. The steady state method with activated sludge is presented. Fundamentals are discussed. For complete mixed aeration tanks, plug flow systems with diffused air aeration and carousels the method is described more in detail and the results of measurements are presented. The results of the steady state measurements of the diffused air system are compared with those of the reaeration method in tapwater. The accuracy of the measurements in the 3 systems is discussed. Measurements in other aeration systems are described briefly. It is concluded that the steady state OC measurement offers advantages in comparison with the non-steady state method and is useful for most purposes.

scholarly journals Steady-state measurement of the effective particle density of cigarette smoke

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Johnson ◽  
Jason S. Olfert ◽  
Ross Cabot ◽  
Conor Treacy ◽  
Caner U. Yurteri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
State Measurement ◽  
Effective Particle ◽  
Steady State Measurement

scholarly journals A gas turbine diagnostic approach with transient measurements

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. G. Li
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Transient Processes ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
State Measurement ◽  
Transient Measurement ◽  
Steady State Measurement

Most gas turbine performance analysis based diagnostic methods use the information from steady state measurements. Unfortunately, steady state measurement may not be obtained easily in some situations, and some types of gas turbine fault contribute little to performance deviation at steady state operating conditions but significantly during transient processes. Therefore, gas turbine diagnostics with transient measurement is superior to that with steady state measurement. In this paper, an accumulated deviation is defined for gas turbine performance parameters in order to measure the level of performance deviation during transient processes. The features of the accumulated deviation are analysed and compared with traditionally defined performance deviation at a steady state condition. A non-linear model based diagnostic method, combined with a genetic algorithm (GA), is developed and applied to a model gas turbine engine to diagnose engine faults by using the accumulated deviation obtained from transient measurement. Typical transient measurable parameters of gas turbine engines are used for fault diagnostics, and a typical slam acceleration process from idle to maximum power is chosen in the analysis. The developed diagnostic approach is applied to the model engine implanted with three typical single-component faults and is shown to be very successful.

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