Effect of a Non-Metallic Combustion Enhancer Diesel Additive on Mass and Number Particulate Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles and Heavy Duty Engines

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Ahmed ◽  
H. E. Rikeit ◽  
S. O. Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

scholarly journals Benefits of Electrified Powertrains in Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ram Vijayagopal ◽  
Aymeric Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fuel Saving ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Design Choice ◽  
The Us ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

The benefits of electrified powertrains for light-duty vehicles are well understood, however sufficient published information is not available on the benefits of advanced powertrains on the various types of medium and heavy duty vehicles. Quantifying the benefits of powertrain electrification will help fleet operators understand the advantages or limitations in adopting electrified powertrains in their truck fleets. Trucks vary in size and shape, as they are designed for specific applications. It is necessary to model each kind of truck separately to understand what kind of powertrain architecture will be feasible for their daily operations. This paper examines 11 types of vehicles and 5 powertrain technology choices to quantify the fuel saving potential of each design choice. This study uses the regulatory cycles proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for measuring fuel consumption.

A Study of the Size, Number and Mass Distribution of the Automotive Particulate Emissions from European Light Duty Vehicles

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Hall ◽  
C. L. Goodfellow ◽  
P. Heinze ◽  
D. J. Rickeard ◽  
G. Nancekievill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

scholarly journals Impact of transport electrification on critical metal sustainability with a focus on the heavy-duty segment

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Hao ◽  
Yong Geng ◽  
James E. Tate ◽  
Feiqi Liu ◽  
Kangda Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Critical Metal ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

AbstractThe majority of transport electrification studies, examining the demand and sustainability of critical metals, have focused on light-duty vehicles. Heavy-duty vehicles have often been excluded from the research scope due to their smaller vehicle stock and slower pace of electrification. This study fills this research gap by evaluating the lithium resource impacts from electrification of the heavy-duty segment at the global level. Our results show that a mass electrification of the heavy-duty segment on top of the light-duty segment would substantially increase the lithium demand and impose further strain on the global lithium supply. The significant impact is attributed to the large single-vehicle battery capacity required by heavy-duty vehicles and the expected battery replacement needed within the lifetime of heavy-duty vehicles. We suggest that the ambition of mass electrification in the heavy-duty segment should be treated with cautions for both policy makers and entrepreneurs.

The Measurement of Gaseous and Particulate Emissions from Light-Duty and Heavy-Duty Motor Vehicles Under Road Driving Conditions

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Potter ◽  
J. C. Bailey ◽  
C. A. Savage ◽  
B. Schmidl ◽  
A. C. Simmonds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Driving Conditions

scholarly journals Exhaust emission factors of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from European road vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaël Clairotte ◽  
Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa ◽  
Alessandro A. Zardini ◽  
Barouch Giechaskiel ◽  
Jelica Pavlovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

Abstract Background Road transport is an important contributor to the European Union’s total greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims at summarizing methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) exhaust emissions from L-category, light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles in the European Union. The assessment is based on measurements carried out in the Vehicle Emission Laboratory of the Joint Research Centre between 2009 and 2019. The exhaust chemical composition from a fleet of 38 L-category vehicles Euro 1 to Euro 4 (2- and 3-wheelers, small quadricycles such as quads and minicars), 63 light-duty vehicles from Euro 5b to Euro 6d-TEMP (passenger cars, including hybrid vehicles), and 27 light commercial and heavy-duty vehicles from pre-Euro I to Euro VI (including lorries, buses and garbage trucks) was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Results CH4 emission factors monitored were from 1 to 234 mg/km for L-category vehicles (mean: 39 mg/km), from 0.1 to 40 mg/km for light-duty vehicles (mean: 7 mg/km), and from non-detectable to 320 mg/km for heavy-duty vehicles (mean: 19 mg/km). N2O emission factors monitored were from non-detectable to 5 mg/km for L-category vehicles (mean: 1 mg/km), from non-detectable to 40 mg/km for light-duty vehicles (mean: 7 mg/km), and from non-detectable to 118 mg/km for heavy-duty vehicles (mean: 19 mg/km). According to the 100-year Global Warming Potential of these greenhouse gases, these emissions corresponded to a range from negligible up to 9 g/km of CO2-equivalent for CH4 and from negligible up to 32 g/km of CO2-equivalent for N2O. Conclusions The higher contributors of CH4 were the two-stroke mopeds included in the L-category vehicles, while the higher emissions of N2O were found in the modern (Euro 5–6 or Euro V–VI) diesel light- and heavy-duty vehicles. Among them, vehicles complying with Euro 6 and Euro VI standard were associated to higher N2O emissions compared to those associated to Euro 5 and pre-Euro IV standards, which could be attributed to the introduction of the after-treatment systems designed to fulfill more stringent NOx standards. These updated emission factors and unique on its kind database represent a source of information for legislators and modelers to better assess the greenhouse gas emission reduction in the EU transport sector.

scholarly journals An Overview of Lean Exhaust deNOx Aftertreatment Technologies and NOx Emission Regulations in the European Union

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Tommaso Selleri ◽  
Anastasios D. Melas ◽  
Ameya Joshi ◽  
Dario Manara ◽  
Adolfo Perujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

This paper reviews the recent advances in the management of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from the internal combustion engine of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, addressing both technical and legal aspects. Particular focus is devoted to the often-virtuous interaction between new legislation imposing more restrictions on the permitted pollutant emission levels and new technologies developed in order to meet these restrictions. The review begins first with the American and then European directives promulgated in the 1970s, aimed at limiting emissions of pollutants from road transport vehicles. Particular attention is paid to the introduction of the Euro standards in the European Union for light- and heavy-duty vehicles, used as a legal and time frame reference for the evolution of emission aftertreatment systems (ATSs). The paper also describes governmental approaches implemented for the control of pollutant emissions in circulating vehicles, such as market surveillance and in-service conformity. In parallel, it is explained how the gradual introduction of small-scale devices aimed at the NOx control, such as lean NOx traps (LNTs) systems, and, most of all, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx, permitted the application to road-transport vehicles of this ATS, originally designed in larger sizes for industrial usage. The paper reviews chemical processes occurring in SCR systems and their advantages and drawbacks with respect to the pollutant emission limits imposed by the legislation. Their potential side effects are also addressed, such as the emission of extra, not-yet regulated pollutants such as, for example, NH3 and N2O. The NOx, N2O, and NH3 emission level evolution with the various Euro standards for both light- and heavy-duty vehicles are reported in the light of experimental data obtained at the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre. It is observed that the new technologies, boosted by increasingly stricter legal limits, have led in the last two decades to a clear decrease of over one order of magnitude of NOx emissions in Diesel light-duty vehicles, bringing them to the same level as Euro 6 gasoline vehicles (10 mg/km to 20 mg/km in average). On the other hand, an obvious increase in the emissions of both NH3 and N2O is observed in both Diesel and gasoline light-duty vehicles, whereby NH3 emissions in spark-ignition vehicles are mainly linked to two-reaction mechanisms occurring in three-way catalysts after the catalyst light-off and during engine rich-operation. NH3 emissions measured in recent Euro 6 light-duty vehicles amount to a few mg/km for both gasoline and Diesel engines, whereby N2O emissions exceeding a dozen mg/km have been observed in Diesel vehicles only. The present paper can be regarded as part of a general assessment in view of the next EU emission standards, and a discussion on the role the SCR technology may serve as a NOx emission control strategy from lean-burn vehicles.

Diesel Particulate Emissions: Landmark Research 1994-2001

2002 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Light Duty

The need for manufacturers to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mobile source diesel emissions standards for on-highway light duty and heavy duty vehicles has been the driving force for the control of diesel particulate and NOx emissions reductions. Diesel Particulate Emissions: Landmark Research 1994-2001 contains the latest research and development findings that will help guide engineers to achieve low particulate emissions from future engines. Based on extensive SAE literature from the past seven years, the 45 papers in this book have been selected from the SAE Transactions Journals.

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