scholarly journals ELEVATIONAL RANGES AND LOCAL EXTINCTION RISK OF BEETLES OCCURRING IN THE “CAMPOS DE ALTITUDE” IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete Valverde Macedo ◽  
Vivian Flinte ◽  
Cristina de Oliveira Araujo ◽  
Luiz Felipe Lima da Silveira ◽  
Angela Machado Bouzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Local Extinction ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Campos De Altitude

scholarly journals Patterns of geographic distribution and conservation of the open-habitat avifauna of southeastern Brazilian mountaintops (campos rupestres and campos de altitude)

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos ◽  
Marcos Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
Campos De Altitude ◽  
Open Habitat ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis

Montane open-habitats of southeastern Brazil are represented by the campos rupestres (principally in the Espinhaço Range) and by the campos de altitude (in the Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira). In spite of the occurrence of endemic species in both vegetation types, an analysis and synthesis of their bird communities have never been conducted. In this paper, we present an avifaunal survey of these areas, describe patterns of geographic distribution, and comment on the conservation of those open-habitats and their avifauna. A total of 231 bird species was recorded in the open-habitats of southeastern Brazilian mountaintops. In the campos rupestres, 205 species were recorded, while in the campos de altitude, the total was 123 species. Five patterns of distribution are recognizable among birds occurring in these habitats: non-endemic (191 species), Atlantic Forest endemics (26 species), Cerrado endemics (6 species), Caatinga endemic (1 species), and montane open-habitat endemics (7 species). In spite of the presence of several protected areas in those regions, the existing reserves do not guarantee the conservation of their important vegetation types and their avifaunas under current low levels of implementation. Since several endemic and threatened bird species live in the campos rupestres and campos de altitude, more efforts must be directed for their conservation.

Local extinction risk of three species of lizard from Patagonia as a result of global warming

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Kubisch ◽  
V. Corbalán ◽  
N.R. Ibargüengoytía ◽  
B. Sinervo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Local Extinction ◽  
Physiological Constraints ◽  
Local Warming ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Recently, Sinervo et al. (2010, Science, 328: 894–899) reported declines of lizard biodiversity due to local warming trends and altered thermal niches. Herein, we applied the Sinervo et al. (2010) physiological model to predict the local extinction risk of three species of lizard from Patagonia. Whereas the previous model used a single equation (for the extinctions of Blue Spiny Lizard (Sceloporus serrifer Cope, 1866) in the Yucatan Peninsula) relating environmental temperatures (Te) to hours of restriction (i.e., the period when lizards are forced into retreat sites because environmental temperatures are too high), we measured habitat-specific equations for the Te values of each species. We analyzed the vulnerability of Darwin’s Ground Gecko (Homonota darwinii Boulenger, 1885), Bariloche Lizard (Liolaemus pictus (Duméril and Bibron, 1837)), and Mountain Slope Lizard (Liolaemus elongatus Koslowsky, 1896) to climate change considering thermal physiological constraints on activity during the reproductive period. While Sinervo et al. (2010) predicted that the Phyllodactylidae family will not suffer from impacts of climate change, our physiological model predicted that 20% of the H. darwinii populations could become extinct by 2080. The physiological model also predicted that 15% of L. pictus populations and 26.5% of L. elongatus populations could become extinct by 2080. The most vulnerable populations are those located near the northern and eastern boundaries of their distributions.

scholarly journals Effects of extended absence of flooding on the fish assemblages of three floodplain lagoons in the middle São Francisco River, Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo dos Santos Pompeu ◽  
Hugo Pereira Godinho
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Local Extinction ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
São Francisco River ◽  
Large Water ◽  
To Receive

In the Neotropics, a large proportion of fish communities of large rivers use floodplain as habitats for feeding, reproduction, and refuge. An evaluation was made of the effects of extended dry periods on the species richness, abundance and local extinction of fish species in three marginal lagoons in the middle São Francisco River, southeastern Brazil. The studied lagoons fail to receive river floods during the study period (1994-1996). A gradual reduction in richness and abundance was observed in all lagoons. Migratory fish species had the highest probability to become extinct in the two lagoons that remained with large water volume. Species tolerant to low levels of dissolved oxygen had the lowest probability of local extinction in the lagoon showing an abrupt reduction in water volume. Similar changes to those observed in the current study are likely to occur in the floodplains if dams would be constructed in this segment of the river. Adequate water releases from Três Marias reservoir, located upstream, should be considered as a management tool for producing episodic flooding on the marginal lagoons of the region.

scholarly journals Examining the relationship between local extinction risk and position in range

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth H. Boakes ◽  
Nicholas J.B. Isaac ◽  
Richard A. Fuller ◽  
Georgina M. Mace ◽  
Philip J.K. McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Local Extinction ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Modelling effects of water regulation on the population viability of threatened amphibians

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Mathwin ◽  
Skye Wassens ◽  
Matthew Gibbs ◽  
Jeanne Young ◽  
Qifeng Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Risk ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
River Regulation ◽  
Local Extinction ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Floodplain Wetlands ◽  
Inundation Frequency ◽  
River Floodplains ◽  
Murray River

The regulation of river systems alters hydrodynamics and often reduces lateral connectivity between river channels and floodplains. For taxa such as frogs that rely on floodplain wetlands to complete their lifecycle, decreasing inundation frequency can reduce recruitment and increase the probability of local extinction. We virtually reconstructed the inundation patterns of wetlands under natural and regulated flow conditions and built stochastic population models to quantify the probability of local extinction under different inundation scenarios. Specifically, we explored the interplay of inundation frequency, habitat size, and successive dry years on the local extinction probability of the threatened southern bell frog Litoria raniformis in the Murray River floodplains of South Australia. We hypothesised that the changes in wetland inundation resulting from river regulation are driving the decline of L. raniformis in this system. Since river regulation began in the 1920s, the inundation frequency of many reliable breeding habitats has decreased to a point where they no longer support local populations. Increasing successive dry years drives the probability of local extinction, particularly in smaller wetlands. Larger wetlands and those with more frequent average inundation are less susceptible to these effects. Synthesis and Applications. Although the availability of suitable habitats has reduced, environmental water provision is a promising tool to mitigate the negative impacts of river regulation on amphibian populations. Our modelling approach can be used to prioritise the delivery of environmental water (through pumping or the operation of flow-regulating structures) to minimise the probability of local extinction in L. raniformis and potentially many other frog species. By quantifying the extinction risk of amphibian populations, we can strategically manage environmental water to reduce successive catastrophic breeding failures and increase the probability of persistence.

Thermoregulation of two sympatric species of horned lizards in the Chihuahuan Desert and their local extinction risk

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael A. Lara-Reséndiz ◽  
Héctor Gadsden ◽  
Philip C. Rosen ◽  
Barry Sinervo ◽  
Fausto R. Méndez-De la Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Chihuahuan Desert ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Local Extinction ◽  
Horned Lizards

Evolutionary ecology at the extremes of species’ ranges

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (NA) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Hardie ◽  
Jeffrey A. Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Local Extinction ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Range Edge ◽  
Evolutionary Innovation ◽  
Abiotic Stressors

The nature of species at the extremes of their ranges impinges fundamentally on diverse biological issues, including species’ range dynamics, population variability, speciation and conservation biology. We review the literature concerning genetic and ecological variation at species’ range edges, and discuss historical and contemporary forces that may generate observed trends, as well as their current and future implications. We discuss literature which shows how environmental, ecological and evolutionary factors act to limit species’ ranges, and how these factors impose selection for adaptation or dispersal in peripheral populations exposed to extreme and stochastic biotic and abiotic stressors. When conditions are sufficiently harsh such that local extinction is certain, peripheral populations may represent temporary offshoots from stable core populations. However, in cases where peripheral populations persist at the range edge under divergent or extreme conditions, biologically significant differences can arise from historical and contemporary ecological and evolutionary forces. In many such cases reviewed herein, peripheral populations tended to diverge from the species’ core, and to display lower genetic diversity or greater stress-adaptation. We conclude that while such populations may be of particular conservation value as significant components of intraspecific biodiversity or sources of evolutionary innovation and persistence during environmental change, small and greatly variable population size, especially combined with low genetic variability, can result in elevated extinction risk in harsh and stochastic peripheral environments. As a result, while peripheral populations should not be dismissed as evolutionary dead-ends destined for local extinction, neither should they be uncritically granted inherently superior significance based only on their peripheral position alone.

scholarly journals Body size and food plants drive local extinction risk in butterflies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Palash ◽  
Shatabdi Paul ◽  
Sabrina Karim Resha ◽  
Md Kawsar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Local Extinction ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Critical Importance

AbstractLepidoptera, butterflies and moths, are significant pollinators and ecosystem health indicators. Therefore, monitoring their diversity, distribution, and extinction risks are of critical importance. We aim to understand the drivers of the local extinction risks of the butterflies in Bangladesh. We conducted a systematic review to extract the diversity, distribution and local extinction risks of the butterflies of Bangladesh, and possible drivers of their extinction, e.g., body size, host plants and nectar plants. We updated the current checklist, which now consists of 463 species. We provided distribution and extinctions risk atlas showing both the diversity and extinction risks were highest in the eastern region of Bangladesh. We tested whether body size and host plants contribute to the local extinction risks of butterflies. We predicted butterflies with larger body size and fewer host plants and nectar plants would be in greater extinction risk. Accordingly, we showed that extinction risk was higher in larger butterflies than smaller butterflies, and in butterflies with a fewer number of host plants and nectar plants than the butterflies with higher number host plants. Our study highlights the contribution of body size and host plants as potential drivers of the local extinction risks of butterflies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document