scholarly journals Efficacy of Organo-Modified Nano Montmorillonite to Protect against the Cumulative Health Risk of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> and Ochratoxin A in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab ◽  
Ezzeldein S. El-Denshary ◽  
Aziza A. El-Nekeety ◽  
Khaled G. Abdel-Wahhab ◽  
Mohamed A. Hamzawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B 1 , ochratoxin A and fuminisins of adults in Lao Cai province, Viet Nam: A total dietary study approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui Thi Mai Huong ◽  
Le Danh Tuyen ◽  
Do Huu Tuan ◽  
Leon Brimer ◽  
Anders Dalsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Dietary Study ◽  
Lao Cai ◽  
Aflatoxin B

scholarly journals Molecular and HPLC-based approaches for detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A released from toxigenic Aspergillus species in processed meat

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelazeem M. Algammal ◽  
Mahmoud E. Elsayed ◽  
Hany R. Hashem ◽  
Hazem Ramadan ◽  
Norhan S. Sheraba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Minced Meat ◽  
Mold Count

Abstract Background Meat-products are considered an enriched media for mycotoxins. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxigenic Aspergillus species in processed meat samples, HPLC-quantitative measurement of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A residues, and molecular sequencing of aflR1 and pks genes. One hundred and twenty processed beef meat specimens (basterma, sausage, and minced meat; n = 40 for each) were collected from Ismailia Province, Egypt. Samples were prepared for total mold count, isolation, and identification of Aspergillus species. All samples were analyzed for the production of both Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A mycotoxins by HPLC. Molecular identification of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus was performed using PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region; furthermore, the aflR1 and pks genes were sequenced. Results The total mold count obtained from sausage samples was the highest one, followed by minced meat samples. The prevalence of A. flavus was (15%), (7.5%), and (10%), while the prevalence of A. ochraceus was (2.5%), (10%), and (0%) in the examined basterma, sausage, and minced meat samples, respectively. Using PCR, the ITS region was successfully amplified in all the tested A. flavus and A. ochraceus strains. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in six basterma samples (15%). Moreover, the ochratoxin A was detected only in four sausage samples (10%). The aflR1 and pks genes were amplified and sequenced successfully and deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers MF694264 and MF694264, respectively. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the HPLC-Molecular-based approaches for the detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in processed beef meat in Egypt. The production of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in processed meat constitutes a public health threat. Aflatoxin B1 is commonly associated with basterma samples. Moreover, ochratoxin A was detected frequently in sausage samples. The routine inspection of mycotoxins in processed meat products is essential to protect human consumers.

scholarly journals Validation study on urinary biomarkers of exposure for aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in piglets

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gambacorta ◽  
H. Solfrizzo ◽  
A. Visconti ◽  
S. Powers ◽  
A.M. Cossalter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Commission Recommendation ◽  
Aflatoxin B

The multi-biomarker approach was used to validate urinary biomarkers in piglets administered boluses contaminated with mixtures of deoxynivalenol (DON), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), zearalenone (ZEA) and ochratoxin A (OTA) at different concentrations. Boluses contaminated with mycotoxins were prepared by slurrying and freezedrying feed material fortified with culture extracts of selected toxigenic fungi. Piglets were individually placed in metabolic cages to collect urine before gavage and 24 h post dose. Urine samples were hydrolysed with β-glucuronidase and analysed by a multi-biomarker LC-MS/MS method developed and validated to identify and measure biomarkers of FB1, OTA, DON, ZEA and AFB1. Urinary levels of FB1, OTA, DON + de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol, ZEA + alphazearalenol and aflatoxin M1 were selected as biomarkers of FB1, OTA, DON, ZEA and AFB1, respectively. Mean percentages of dietary mycotoxins excreted as biomarkers in 24 h post dose urine were 36.8% for ZEA, 28.5% for DON, 2.6% FB1, 2.6% for OTA and 2.5% for AFB1. A good correlation was observed between the amount of mycotoxins ingested and the amount of relevant biomarkers excreted in 24 h post dose urine. Linear dose-response correlation coefficients ranged between 0.68 and 0.78 for the tested couples of mycotoxin/biomarker. The good sensitivity of the LC-MS/MS method and the good dose-response correlations observed in this study permitted to validate the selected mycotoxin biomarkers in piglets at dietary levels close to the maximum permitted levels reported in Commission Directive 2003/100/EC for AFB1 and the guidance values reported in Commission Recommendation 2006/576/EC for DON, ZEA, OTA and FB1.

Determination of mean daily intakes of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes and fumonisins in 24-hour diets of children in the Netherlands

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bakker ◽  
E. Sizoo ◽  
A. Jekel ◽  
D.P. Pereboom-de Fauw ◽  
R. Schothorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Diet Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Aflatoxin B

In 2006, a duplicate diet study of children's food was carried out in the Netherlands. Parents or guardians of 123 children collected duplicates of the 24-hour diets. Levels of aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes and fumonisins were determined. Aflatoxin M1 was detectable in 10% of the samples, with all toxin levels below the limit of quantification. Aflatoxin B1 could be detected in 80% of the samples, while in 47% of all samples aflatoxin B1 was quantifiable. Ochratoxin A could be quantified in all samples. Deoxynivalenol was quantified in almost every sample, while T-2 and HT-2 toxins could only be quantified in 3.2% and 6.4% of the samples respectively. 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol was detected in 1.6% of the samples. Fumonisin B1 was detected in 28% of the samples and fumonisin B2 in a quarter of merely those samples where fumonisin B1 was detected. In 20% of the samples fumonisin B1 could be quantified and in a quarter of those samples fumonisin B2 could be quantified too. The analytical results were used to estimate levels of daily intake. Only the mean daily intake levels for aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and fumonisins B1 and B2 could reliably be estimated. The values were 0.1, 4.1, 291 and 28 ng/kg bw/day respectively, all are well below the corresponding tolerable daily intakes. For aflatoxin B1 a tolerable intake does not exist, but the intake value for this mycotoxin was very low if compared to the value that would result from the intake of food, if it was contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at the EU regulatory limit, specified for baby food. The mean daily intakes of the mycotoxins determined in children's food in the Netherlands are low and implicate that there is no health risk for children due to exposure from the studied mycotoxins.

Dietary exposure and health risk characterization of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1, and zearalenone in food from different provinces in Northern Vietnam

Food Control ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 107108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Huu Do ◽  
Son Cao Tran ◽  
Chi Dinh Le ◽  
Ha-Binh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Phuong-Thao Thi Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Risk Characterization ◽  
Northern Vietnam

scholarly journals Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains on the Growth and Aflatoxin Production Potential of Aspergillus parasiticus, and Their Ability to Bind Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A, and Zearalenone in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleide Oliveira de Almeida Møller ◽  
Luisa Freire ◽  
Roice Eliana Rosim ◽  
Larissa Pereira Margalho ◽  
Celso Fasura Balthazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Aflatoxin B

The increased consumption of plant-based foods has intensified the concern related to mycotoxin intoxication. This study aimed to investigate the effect of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 and its production of aflatoxin (AF). The ability of the heat-killed (100°C for 1 h) LAB strains to bind aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEN) in potassium phosphate buffer (PPB) was also evaluated in vitro. Ten LAB strains were tested individually, by inoculating them simultaneously with the fungus or after incubation of the fungus for 24 or 48 h at 25°C. Double layer yeast extract sucrose (YES) agar, de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar, and YES broth were incubated for 7 days at 25°C to follow the development of the fungus. Levilactobacillus spp. 3QB398 and Levilactobacillus brevis 2QB422 strains were able to delay the growth of A. parasiticus in YES broth, even when these strains were inoculated 24 h after the fungus. The inhibitory effect of these LAB strains was confirmed by the reduction of fungus colony size, suggesting dominance of LAB by competition (a Lotka-Voltera effect). The production of AFB1 by A. parasiticus was inhibited when the fungus was inoculated simultaneously with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 3QB361 or L. plantarum 3QB350. No AFB1 was found when Levilactobacillus spp. 2QB383 was present, even when the LAB was inoculated 48 h after the fungus. In binding studies, seven inactivated LAB strains were able to promote a reduction of at least 50% the level of AFB1, OTA, and ZEN. This reduction varied depending on the pH of the PPB. In milk, however, only two inactivated LAB strains were able to reduce AFM1, with a reduction of 33 and 45% for Levilactobacillus spp. 3QB398 (Levilactobacillus spp.) and L. brevis 2QB422, respectively. Nevertheless, these results clearly indicate the potential of using LAB for mycotoxin reduction.

scholarly journals Does manufacturers' size affect the prevalence of mycobiota and occurrence of mycotoxins in spices and spice-based products?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Ahmad-Zaidi ◽  
M.A.A. Ghazali ◽  
N.A. Nik-Muhammad ◽  
N.S. Sazali ◽  
N. Mahror ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Food Safety And Quality

The present work aimed to establish the prevalence of mycobiota and occurrence of mycotoxins (aflatoxins and ochratoxin A) in spices and spice-based products, and correlate these to their manufacturers’ sizes. A total of 90 spice, sauce and paste samples were purchased; 3 manufacturer sizes (small, medium, large) × 3 types of samples (spices, sauces, pastes) × 5 brands × 2 replicates. The prevalence of mycobiota was assessed with dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) and Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus (AFPA) medium, while the occurrence of mycotoxins was quantified with HPLC-FLD. Large-scale manufacturers were found to adopt a greater number of safety and quality certifications. Small-scale manufacturers significantly yielded the highest total fungal loads on DRBC (log 5.084±0.417 cfu/g paste, log 6.253±0.407 cfu/g sauce, log 6.662±0.222 cfu/g spice) and AFPA (log 4.461±0.451 cfu/g paste, log 5.661±0.395 cfu/g sauce, and log 6.269±0.432 cfu/g spice). Correlation analysis (Pearson’s r) revealed that manufacturers’ sizes positively influenced (DRBC r=0.781; AFPA r=0.702) the prevalence of mycobiota. Aflatoxin B1 was present in 6/30 (20%) paste samples, 1/30 sauce samples (3.33%) and 12/30 spice samples (40%). Aflatoxin B2 was only present in 2/30 sauce samples (6.67%). Aflatoxin G1 and G2 were absent from all samples. Ochratoxin A was present in 11/30 (36.67%) paste samples, 5/30 sauce samples (16.67%) and 21/30 spice samples (70%). It was found that, to a certain extent, the size of and certification adopted by manufacturers affected the prevalence of mycobiota and the occurrence of mycotoxins in spices and spice-based products analysed in the present work. Nevertheless, it is henceforth recommended that a surveillance study of this nature be extended and widened in terms of number of samples as well as type of spices, sauces and pastes to obtain a more thorough and significant profile of the products’ food safety and quality level.

scholarly journals Potential hazard of simultaneous occurrence of aflatoxin B-1 and ochratoxin A

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sedmíková ◽  
H. Reisnerová ◽  
Z. Dufková ◽  
I. Bárta ◽  
F. Jílek
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Contents of aflatoxin B1&nbsp;(AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OA) in the samples of wheat and barley were detected by RIA method. Average contents of AFB1&nbsp;in the samples of wheat and barley were 2.4 &micro;g/kg and 2.2 &micro;g/kg, respectively. Average contents of OA in the samples of wheat and barley were 3.1 &micro;g/kg and 2.4 &micro;g/kg, respectively. The contents of mycotoxins corresponded to the allowed limits in food. During the studies of mutagenic activity of mycotoxins and their combinations by means of Ames test it was found that OA could increase the mutagenicity of AFB1&nbsp;in the case of their simultaneous occurrence in the same substrate.

Occurrence of fungi and their mycotoxins in individual Turkish dried figs

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Şenyuva ◽  
J. Gilbert ◽  
R. Samson ◽  
S. Özcan ◽  
Ş. Öztürkoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
The Media ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Fifty individual figs which had been rejected as potentially contaminated by sorting under UV light were separately analysed to identify the presence of fungi and their mycotoxins. Aflatoxin B1 was found in 49 samples with levels ranging from 0.7 to 222 ng g-1, with 40 individual figs containing more than 2 ng g-1, indicating the efficacy of the UV screening process in identifying contaminated fruit. Ochratoxin A (OTA) was found in 32 of the figs at levels from 0.4 to 1710 ng g-1, with 50% of the samples containing levels above 1 ng g-1. There was no evident correlation between levels of aflatoxin B1 and levels of OTA. Twenty fungal species were isolated from the outer and inner surfaces of the figs, some of which were subsequently cultured on YES and PDB and the media analysed for the presence of aflatoxin B1 and OTA to establish their toxigenicity.

Monitoring and health risk of mycotoxins in imported wines and beers consumed in Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Puangkham ◽  
A. Poapolathep ◽  
U. Jermnak ◽  
K. Imsilp ◽  
P. Tanhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

The presence of mycotoxins has been reported in a wide range of agricultural commodities including wine and beer. Due to the widespread consumption of these beverages, risk assessment of contamination by toxins is required for consumer health. In the present study, multi-residue analysis for the determination of mycotoxins was undertaken to survey the incidence of mycotoxins in imported wines and beers being commercialised in Thailand, and to assess the consumer health risk. Samples of red wines (100) and beers (100) were collected randomly from supermarkets and retail shops in Bangkok, Thailand and were extracted using the dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction procedure. The quantitation and confirmation of 19 mycotoxins were performed using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry with an electro-spray ionisation interface in the multiple-reaction monitoring mode. The results demonstrated that the wine and beer samples were contaminated with mycotoxins at 35 and 13%, respectively. The most prominent mycotoxins found in wines were Alternaria toxins, ochratoxin A, and fumonisins, whereas zearalenone and deoxynivalenol were the most prevalent mycotoxins found in contaminated beers. However, ochratoxin A levels were far below the maximum limits established by the European Union. As indicated by the risk assessment, mycotoxin exposure via imported wines and beers were at safe levels in the Bangkok urban area.

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