scholarly journals The Influence of Optimistic Expectations and Negative Life Events on Somatic Symptoms among Adolescents: A One-Year Prospective Study

Psychology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terje Arnfinn Murberg
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
One Year

Stress Buffers and Dysphoria: A Prospective Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen R. Lightsey
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
As Stress ◽  
A Prospective Study

Following recommendations to include multiple predictors within a single study, this prospective study tested whether generalized self-efficacy (GSE), positive thoughts, optimism, and self-mastery may act as stress buffers. The Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire- Positive, the Life Orientation Test, the Self-Mastery Scale, the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, the Life Experiences Survey, and the Beck Depression Inventory were administered to 69 undergraduate volunteers twice over 5 weeks. The GSE x negative life events interaction accounted for unique variance in future dysphoria, indicating that, for greater preexisting GSE, negative life events were less associated with dysphoria. This finding suggests that GSE may act as a stress buffer: When exposed to stressors, persons with higher GSE may become less dysphoric than persons with lower GSE. Additionally, for higher self-mastery, negative life events had a stronger relationship with future dysphoria. This suggests that self-mastery may in some circumstances act as a stress exacerbator: When exposed to stressors, persons with higher self-mastery appear to become more dysphoric than persons with lower self-mastery.

Influence of anxiety and reported stressful life events on relapses in multiple sclerosis: a prospective study

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1262-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Potagas ◽  
C Mitsonis ◽  
L Watier ◽  
G Dellatolas ◽  
A Retziou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Recurrent Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
One Year

Objective Self-reported stressful life events and infections have been associated with relapses in multiple sclerosis. Also, anxiety has been reported to influence other diseases of unpredictable course. To study relation of self-reported stressful life events, levels of anxiety, and episodes of infection, with relapses of the disease in women with multiple sclerosis. Methods This is a one-year prospective study. Thirty seven women with multiple sclerosis were regularly seen every four weeks, for one year. They were keeping diaries of events they considered stressful. These events were ranked according to the Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Their anxiety levels were assessed with the Hamilton rating scale for anxiety. Relapses and episodes of infection were verified at additional visits. Results were studied using a survival analysis model adapted for several recurrent events. Results A total of 291 stressful events, 37 episodes of infection, and 48 relapses, were registered. High level of anxiety were stongly related to the number and the severity of reported stressful events during the preceding period and with the advent of a relapse in the following period (Hamilton score greater than 18 is associated with 4.2 times the rate of relapsing and three or more reported stressful events with 5.7 times the rate of relapsing). Conclusions Anxiety and self-reported stressful events may in fact be two measures of the same underlying emotional factor, which plays an important role on the course of the disease, in addition to episodes of infection.

Test of the Hopelessness Theory of Depression: Drawing Negative Inference from Negative Life Events

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine G. Kapçi
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
The Self ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Hopelessness Theory ◽  
Hopelessness Theory Of Depression

The hopelessness theory of depression, i.e., that drawing negative inference from the occurrence of negative life events culminates in depression, was examined. A total of 34 dysphoric and 36 nondepressed undergraduate students participated in a two-stage prospective study lasting three months. The subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory and Hopelessness Scale at both sessions and the Life Events Experience List at the second session. It is concluded that the inference of negative characteristics about the self from negative life events, coupled with the experience of negative life events contributes to the development of depression through hopelessness. The findings are discussed in relation to the Abramson, et al. hopelessness model of depression.

Anxiety, depression and stressful life events among medical students: a prospective study in Antalya, Turkey

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Aktekin ◽  
Taha Karaman ◽  
Yesim Yigiter Senol ◽  
Sukru Erdem ◽  
Hakan Erengin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Negative Life Events Associated With Deliberate Self-Harm in an African Population in Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kinyanda ◽  
H. Hjelmeland ◽  
S. Musisi
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Suicide Interventions

Abstract. Negative life events associated with deliberate self-harm (DSH) were investigated in an African context in Uganda. Patients admitted at three general hospitals in Kampala, Uganda were interviewed using a Luganda version (predominant language in the study area) of the European Parasuicide Study Interview Schedule I. The results of the life events and histories module are reported in this paper. The categories of negative life events in childhood that were significantly associated with DSH included those related to parents, significant others, personal events, and the total negative life events load in childhood. For the later-life time period, the negative life events load in the partner category and the total negative life events in this time period were associated with DSH. In the last-year time period, the negative life events load related to personal events and the total number of negative life events in this time period were associated with DSH. A statistically significant difference between the cases and controls for the total number of negative life events reported over the entire lifetime of the respondents was also observed, which suggests a dose effect of negative life events on DSH. Gender differences were also observed among the cases. In conclusion, life events appear to be an important factor in DSH in this cultural environment. The implication of these results for treatment and the future development of suicide interventions in this country are discussed.

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