scholarly journals Estimation of Attributable Risk from Clustered Binary Data: The Case of Cross-Sectional and Cohort Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 240-253
Author(s):  
Mohamed Shoukri ◽  
Allan Donner ◽  
Futwan Al-Mohanna
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clustered Binary Data

Association of Vitamin D Status With Liver and Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials, and Cross-Sectional and Cohort Studies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh ◽  
Majid Rezayi ◽  
Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani ◽  
Amir Avan ◽  
Hamideh Ghazizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract. Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a major public health problem. There are few comprehensive systematic reviews about the relationship between Vitamin D status and liver and renal disease in Iran. Methods: We systemically searched the following databases: Web of Science; PubMed; Cochrane Library; Scopus; Science Direct; Google Scholar and two Iranian databases (Scientific Information Database (SID) and IranMedex) up until November 2017 to identify all randomized control trials (RCTs), case control, cross-sectional and cohort studies investigating the association between vitamin D and any form of liver or kidney disease. Results: Vitamin D insufficiency, or deficiency (VDD), is highly prevalent in Iran, reports varying between 44.4% in Isfahan to 98% in Gorgan. There is also a high prevalence of VDD among patients with liver or kidney disease, and the administration of vitamin D supplements may have beneficial effects on lipid profile, blood glucose, liver function and fatty liver disease, and bone health. Low serum vitamin D levels are related with abnormalities in these laboratory and clinical parameters. Conclusion: VDD is prevalent in patients with chronic liver or renal disease in Iran. There appear to be several beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient patients with liver or kidney disease.

scholarly journals Longitudinal association between CRP levels and risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele F. Osimo ◽  
Luke Baxter ◽  
Jan Stochl ◽  
Benjamin I. Perry ◽  
Stephen A. Metcalf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractMeta-analyses of cross-sectional studies suggest that patients with psychosis have higher circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) compared with healthy controls; however, cause and effect is unclear. We examined the prospective association between CRP levels and subsequent risk of developing a psychotic disorder by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies. Databases were searched for prospective studies of CRP and psychosis. We obtained unpublished results, including adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, and socioeconomic status and suspected infection (CRP > 10 mg/L). Based on random effect meta-analysis of 89,792 participants (494 incident cases of psychosis at follow-up), the pooled odds ratio (OR) for psychosis for participants with high (>3 mg/L), as compared to low (≤3 mg/L) CRP levels at baseline was 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–2.07). Evidence for this association remained after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03–1.66). After excluding participants with suspected infection, the OR for psychosis was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.06–1.74), but the association attenuated after controlling for confounders (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.95–1.60). Using CRP as a continuous variable, the pooled OR for psychosis per standard deviation increase in log(CRP) was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.93–1.34), and this association further attenuated after controlling for confounders (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.90–1.27) and excluding participants with suspected infection (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.92–1.24). There was no association using CRP as a categorical variable (low, medium or high). While we provide some evidence of a longitudinal association between high CRP (>3 mg/L) and psychosis, larger studies are required to enable definitive conclusions.

scholarly journals Validation of a food-frequency questionnaire for cohort studies in rural Japan

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Ogawa ◽  
Yoshitaka Tsubono ◽  
Yoshikazu Nishino ◽  
Yoko Watanabe ◽  
Takayoshi Ohkubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Miyagi Prefecture

AbstractObjectives:To examine the validity and reproducibility of a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used for two cohort studies in Japan.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Two rural towns in the Miyagi Prefecture, in north-eastern Japan.Subjects:Fifty-five men and 58 women.Results:A 40-item FFQ was administered twice, 1 year apart. In the mean time, four 3-day diet records (DRs) were collected in four seasons within the year. We calculated daily consumption of total energy and 15 nutrients, 40 food items and nine food groups from the FFQs and the DRs. We computed Spearman correlation coefficients between the FFQs and the DRs. With adjustment for age, total energy and deattenuation for measurement error with the DRs, the correlation coefficients for nutrient intakes ranged from 0.25 to 0.58 in men and from 0.30 to 0.69 in women, with median of 0.43 and 0.43, respectively. Median (range) of the correlation coefficients was 0.35 (−0.30 to 0.72) in men and 0.34 (−0.06 to 0.75) in women for food items and 0.60 (−0.10 to 0.76) and 0.51 (0.28–0.70) for food groups, respectively. Median (range) of the correlation coefficients for the two FFQs administered 1 year apart was 0.49 (0.31–0.71) in men and 0.50 (0.40–0.64) in women for nutrients, 0.43 (0.14–0.76) and 0.45 (0.06–0.74) respectively for food items, and 0.50 (0.30–0.70) and 0.57 (0.39–0.66) respectively for food groups. Relatively higher agreement percentages for intakes of nutrients and food groups with high validity were obtained together with lower complete disagreement percentages.Conclusions:The FFQ has a high reproducibility and a reasonably good validity, and is useful in assessing the usual intakes of nutrients, foods and food groups among a rural Japanese population.

Relationship between Serum IgE and Cross-sectional and Longitudinal FEV1 in Two Cohort Studies

CHEST Journal ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Vollmer ◽  
A.Sonia Buist ◽  
Larry R. Johnson ◽  
Lynn E. McCamant ◽  
Marilyn Halonen
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Ige

Estimating marginal proportions and intraclass correlations with clustered binary data

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-599
Author(s):  
Josep L. Carrasco ◽  
Yi Pan ◽  
Rosa Abellana
Keyword(s):  
Binary Data ◽  
Clustered Binary Data ◽  
Intraclass Correlations

scholarly journals Anemia Identified One Month after Renal Transplantation is Predictive of Anemia Identified After Twelve Months

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Imamović ◽  
Enver Zerem ◽  
Safet Omerović
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Modern Era

The aim of this study was to evalúate whether anemia identified earlier than 3 months postengraftment in modern era could be predictive of anemia at 12 months. Cross-sectional and cohort studies based on retrospective analysis of existing clinical records were performed. Data on recipient’s age at transplantation, follow-up serum creatinine (SCR) and hemoglobin (Hb) on day 7 (D7), at month 1 (M1) and at month 3 (M3) postengraftment were collected. Outcome was anemia identified at 12 months (M12) postengraftment. There were 75 patients on D7, 74 at M1 and 61 at M3. Multiple linear regression model that included recipient’s age at transplantation, Hb and creatinine on D7 and tested the risk for anemia at M12 retained only the age in the model, with the coefficient of 0,84 (P=0,001). The same model at M1 retained Hb and age, with the coefficients of 0,26 (P=0,03) and 0,81 (P=0,0002), respectively and at M3 it retained Hb and age, with the coefficients of 0,41 (P=0,004) and 0,70 (P=0,003), respectively. Anemia identified at M1 after renal transplantation is predictive of anemia at M12.

Abstract P269: Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index and the Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes and All-cause Mortality: A Systematic Review

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihiro Matsushita ◽  
Ning Ding ◽  
Esther Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stiffness Evaluation ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Introduction: Arterial stiffness is widely used as an index of arteriosclerosis and is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recently, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was developed as a measurement of arterial stiffness that is independent of blood pressure at the time of arterial stiffness evaluation. The associations of CAVI with CVD events and all-cause mortality have not been extensively assessed. We therefore systematically reviewed the studies reporting CAVI and relevant outcomes. Methods: We searched for both prospective and cross-sectional studies using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane from inception to April 11, 2017. Two independent reviewers screened the retrieved papers, extracted relevant data and assessed the risk of bias. Any discrepancy was solved by discussion or a third reviewer. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I 2 statistic. We pooled the results of studies that were sufficiently homogeneous. Results: Among 1,519 records, we identified 9 cohort studies (n=5,292) and 17 cross-sectional eligible studies (n=7,309). All 9 cohort studies reported the outcome of composited CVD (498 cases), but the categorization/modeling of CAVI was not consistent across those studies. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) of CVD for the highest vs. lowest CAVI category in 3 studies was borderline significant (pooled HR=1.34 [0.95, 1.87], p=0.092) (I 2 = 25.2%, p=0.263). For 3 studies examining the continuous association between CAVI and CVD, 1standard deviation (SD) increment of CAVI was significantly associated with CVD risk (pooled HR=1.22 [1.03, 1.45], p=0.023) (I 2 = 27.1%, p=0.253). Only 3 cohort studies investigated CAVI and all-cause mortality, and none of them reported a significant association. All 17 cross-sectional studies reported higher CAVI values in patients with CVD compared to those without CVD, with statistical significance in most studies. Conclusions: CAVI was generally higher in patients with CVD compared to their counterparts. In terms of the prospective prognostic value of CAVI, we found a limited number of studies, but they indicated a modest association between CAVI and CVD risk. Our systematic review highlighted the need for large prospective studies to assess the usefulness of CAVI as a predictor of CVD and mortality.

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