scholarly journals Anatomic Variants of Sphenoid Sinuses and Adjacent Structures: A Study of 225 Skull CT Scans at CNHU-HKM in Benin, West Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Patricia Yèkpè ◽  
Djivèdé Akanni ◽  
Canicius Ovidio de Souza ◽  
Sonia Adjadohoun ◽  
Miralda Kiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Anatomic Variants ◽  
Sphenoid Sinuses

Anatomic Sphenoid Cell Variants: Introduction of the Retrosphenoid Cell and Relevance in the Presentation and Management of Sinus Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
Anali Dadgostar ◽  
Aneela Hashmi ◽  
Judy Fan ◽  
Amin R. Javer
Keyword(s):  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Anatomic Variations ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Anatomic Variants ◽  
Air Cells

Background Despite the well-appreciated variability in sphenoid sinus anatomy, there are no documented cases of retrosphenoid cells in the literature to date. Objective This study defines and determines the prevalence of retrosphenoid cells as identified on computed tomography (CT) imaging and intraoperative endoscopy and reviews the prevalence of other related anatomical variants of the sphenoid sinus. Methods Retrospective study of 300 random noncontrast sinus CT scans of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis presenting to a tertiary rhinology center. All identifiable anatomic variations and any presence of retrosphenoid cells and their pneumatization patterns were recorded. The prevalence of various anatomic variations of the sphenoid sinus was also calculated. Results A total of 300 sinus CT scans were included in the study. Protrusion of both the internal carotid artery (42.6%) and optic nerve (19.7%) into the sinus was more prevalent than the dehiscence of either one. A retrosphenoid cell was identified in 2% of CT scans. Other anatomic variants were less prevalent. Conclusion Meticulous review of preoperative imaging is key in identifying rare and complex sphenoid cell variations in planning surgical approaches and potential treatment strategies for the unusually pneumatized sphenoid air cells. Various manifestations of sinus disease can be localized to this area, and suspicion of a retrosphenoid cell should be raised in patients presenting with recalcitrant headache.

scholarly journals Incidental Discovery of Sphenoid Sinuses Agenesis: A Report of Two Cases in Benin, West Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Djivèdé Akanni ◽  
Charles Agossou ◽  
Eulalie Sansuamou ◽  
Fatiou Bouraïma ◽  
Patricia Yèkpè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Incidental Discovery ◽  
Sphenoid Sinuses

scholarly journals Abnormalities of the diaphragm and adjacent structures: findings on multiplanar spiral CT scans.

1994 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Brink ◽  
J P Heiken ◽  
J Semenkovich ◽  
S A Teefey ◽  
B L McClennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Adjacent Structures

Multistep pedicle screw insertion procedure with patient-specific lamina fit-and-lock templates for the thoracic spine

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Sugawara ◽  
Naoki Higashiyama ◽  
Shuichi Kaneyama ◽  
Masato Takabatake ◽  
Naoko Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pedicle Screw ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Spinal Instrumentation ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Screw Insertion ◽  
Pedicle Screw Insertion ◽  
Adjacent Structures

Object Pedicle screw fixation is a standard procedure of spinal instrumentation, but accurate screw placement is essential to avoid injury to the adjacent structures, such as the vessels, nerves, and viscera. The authors recently developed an intraoperative screw guiding method in which patient-specific laminar templates were used, and verified the accuracy of the multistep procedure in the thoracic spine. Methods Preoperative bone images of the CT scans were analyzed using 3D/multiplanar imaging software and the trajectories of the screws were planned. Plastic templates with screw guiding structures were created for each lamina by using 3D design and printing technology. Three types of templates were made for precise multistep guidance, and all templates were specially designed to fit and lock on the lamina during the procedure. Plastic vertebra models were also generated and preoperative screw insertion simulation was performed. Surgery was performed using this patient-specific screw guide template system, and the placement of screws was postoperatively evaluated using CT scanning. Results Ten patients with thoracic or cervicothoracic pathological entities were selected to verify this novel procedure. Fifty-eight pedicle screws were placed using the screw guide template system. Preoperatively, each template was found to fit exactly and to lock on the lamina of the vertebra models, and screw insertion simulation was successfully performed. Intraoperatively the templates also fit and locked on the patient lamina, and screw insertion was completed successfully. Postoperative CT scans confirmed that no screws violated the cortex of the pedicles, and the mean deviation of the screws from the planned trajectories was 0.87 ± 0.34 mm at the coronal midpoint section of the pedicles. Conclusions The multistep, patient-specific screw guide template system is useful for intraoperative pedicle screw navigation in the thoracic spine. This simple and economical method can improve the accuracy of pedicle screw insertion and reduce the operating time and radiation exposure of spinal fixation surgery.

Radiographic parameters in predicting outcome of patients with nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with bevacizumab.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19009-e19009
Author(s):  
Michael R Kaufman ◽  
Mohamed E. Salem ◽  
Hussein Aoun ◽  
Gregory Peter Kalemkerian ◽  
Sara Kunz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stage Iv ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Standard Chemotherapy ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Angiogenic Therapy ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Prospective Phase ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
The Impact

e19009 Background: Bevacizumab has increased survival in NSCLC patients (pts) when added to standard chemotherapy. However, whether radiographic features at baseline and/or post-treatment can predict benefit from addition of anti-angiogenic therapy to standard chemotherapy remains unknown. In addition, the impact of VEGF-targeted therapy on CT parameters is not fully characterized. Methods: A retrospective review was performed using CT scans of pts enrolled into a prospective phase II clinical trial of pemetrexed, gemcitabine and bevacizumab in stage IV chemo-naïve, non-squamous, NSCLC pts (Wozniak A, et al. IASLC2011). Treatments were repeated every 2 wks (1 cycle). CT scans were obtained at baseline and at the end of every 4 cycles. The radiographic CT features of the primary tumors were retrospectively reviewed at baseline and after first 4 cycles. RECIST 1.1 and Morphology, Attenuation, Size, and Structure (MASS) criteria were used to assess tumor radiographic response. Results: Twenty-four pts (43% males; median age, 62 y [range: 41-82]), were evaluable for this analysis. On baseline CT, median tumor size was 2.9 cm (range: 1.6. to 6.3 cm), median attenuation was 56 HU (range: 31 to 87 HU), 81% of tumors had heterogeneous enhancement, and 50% of tumors demonstrated invasion of adjacent structures. Well-defined margins were noted in 43% of tumors and 81% had < 30% necrosis. On post-4 cycle CT, 63% of tumors had decreased long diameter (median 15% decrease), 81% had decreased attenuation (median 21% HU reduction) and 50% had increased necrosis. RECIST-defined PR was seen in 37%, SD in 56%; and PD in 1 (4%) based on size despite > 75% necrosis. MASS criteria response was favorable in 25% and non-favorable in 75% of tumors. Pts with tumors that demonstrated FR response by MASS after 4 cycles were more likely to have prolonged progression free survival (HR 2.94; p= 0.175). Conclusions: In tumors treated with anti-angiogenic therapy, imaging response criteria that include changes in tumor morphology, attenuation, and size may capture anti-tumor effect more accurately than size-based RECIST criteria alone. These results support the need for prospective investigation of the efficacy of MASS criteria.

Retrocecal Appendix Location and Perforation at Presentation

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 890-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Herscu ◽  
Allen Kong ◽  
Dylan Russell ◽  
Cam-Ly Tran ◽  
J. Esteban Varela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Perforation Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Anatomic Variants ◽  
Appendix Perforation

Retrocecal appendicitis has been theorized to follow a more insidious course than other anatomic variants. To determine the influence of retrocecal anatomy on clinical course of appendicitis, 200 adult patients treated at a major university medical center with the diagnosis of appendicitis from 2001 to 2004 were retrospectively studied. Computed tomography (CT) scans of adult patients with an ultimate diagnosis of appendicitis were analyzed to determine an association between retrocecal appendix and perforation of the appendix at presentation. A higher perforation rate in the retrocecal group would imply patient delay in presentation from more tolerable symptoms. CT scans were examined for retrocecal location and perforation. No significant association was found between retrocecal anatomy and perforation rates at presentation (chi-square = 2.1, P = 0.15, odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [0.8–3.0]). However, the risk of perforation was 60 per cent higher in the retrocecal group. By regression analysis, age and the presence of a fecalith on CT scan were predictors of appendix perforation. Appendix location was not. In this study, we found no significant association between retrocecal appendix anatomy and perforation at presentation.

Single-Blinded Prospective Implementation of a Preoperative Imaging Checklist for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Error ◽  
Shaelene Ashby ◽  
Richard R. Orlandi ◽  
Jeremiah A. Alt
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Training Population ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preoperative Ct ◽  
Anatomic Variants

Objective To determine if the introduction of a systematic preoperative sinus computed tomography (CT) checklist improves identification of critical anatomic variations in sinus anatomy among patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. Study Design Single-blinded prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary care hospital. Subjects and Methods Otolaryngology residents were asked to identify critical surgical sinus anatomy on preoperative CT scans before and after introduction of a systematic approach to reviewing sinus CT scans. The percentage of correctly identified structures was documented and compared with a 2-sample t test. Results A total of 57 scans were reviewed: 28 preimplementation and 29 postimplementation. Implementation of the sinus CT checklist improved identification of critical sinus anatomy from 24% to 84% correct ( P < .001). All residents, junior and senior, demonstrated significant improvement in identification of sinus anatomic variants, including those not directly included in the systematic review implemented. Conclusion The implementation of a preoperative endoscopic sinus surgery radiographic checklist improves identification of critical anatomic sinus variations in a training population.

An Assessment of Radiologic Discrepancies in Patients with Paranasal Sinus Disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 211-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf J. Mann ◽  
Ronald G. Amedee ◽  
Maurizio Jemma
Keyword(s):  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Ethmoid Sinus ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Lateral Nasal Wall ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Paranasal Sinus Disease ◽  
Extent Of Disease

The importance of computerized tomographic (CT) imaging of the paranasal sinuses in patients with chronic or recurring sinusitis is well documented. Nevertheless, the accuracy and reliability of this examination is not absolute. In this study of 80 cases, a considerable percentage of CT scans (57.5%) failed to detail accurately the extent of pathology in the sinus cavities. In 39 cases the extent of disease was underestimated using CT, and in seven cases it was overestimated. Discrepancies in pathology were encountered most commonly in the posterior ethmoid sinus. In our opinion, the primary role of CT in the assessment of patients with paranasal sinus disease is to detail precisely the complicated anatomy of this region. This radiologic information along with a thorough understanding of the lateral nasal wall anatomy should allow the surgeon to perform functional procedures and, at the same time, to avoid injury to important adjacent structures.

3-D imaging of cells using a confocal laser scanning microscope and digital image processing

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Jovin ◽  
Michel Robert-Nicoud ◽  
Donna J. Arndt-Jovin ◽  
Thorsten Schormann
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Adjacent Structures

Light microscopic techniques for visualizing biomolecules and biochemical processes in situ have become indispensable in studies concerning the structural organization of supramolecular assemblies in cells and of processes during the cell cycle, transformation, differentiation, and development. Confocal laser scanning microscopy offers a number of advantages for the in situ localization and quantitation of fluorescence labeled targets and probes: (i) rejection of interfering signals emanating from out-of-focus and adjacent structures, allowing the “optical sectioning” of the specimen and 3-D reconstruction without time consuming deconvolution; (ii) increased spatial resolution; (iii) electronic control of contrast and magnification; (iv) simultanous imaging of the specimen by optical phenomena based on incident, scattered, emitted, and transmitted light; and (v) simultanous use of different fluorescent probes and types of detectors.We currently use a confocal laser scanning microscope CLSM (Zeiss, Oberkochen) equipped with 3-laser excitation (u.v - visible) and confocal optics in the fluorescence mode, as well as a computer-controlled X-Y-Z scanning stage with 0.1 μ resolution.

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