scholarly journals The Impact of Some Uncontrolled Landfill Sites on the Ecosystems of Surrounding Areas of Eastern and Western Parts of Georgia

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Nugzar Buachidze ◽  
Khatuna Chikviladze ◽  
Gulchina Kuchava ◽  
Ekaterina Shubladze ◽  
George Kordzakhia
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Uncontrolled Landfill ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Interdisciplinary and Intercultural Development of an Early Literacy App in Dhuwaya

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Gillian Wigglesworth ◽  
Melanie Wilkinson ◽  
Yalmay Yunupingu ◽  
Robyn Beecham ◽  
Jake Stockley
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Early Literacy ◽  
First Language ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Intercultural Development ◽  
Educational Challenges ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Bilingual School ◽  
The Impact

Phonological awareness is a skill which is crucial in learning to read. In this paper, we report on the challenges encountered while developing a digital application (app) for teaching phonological awareness and early literacy skills in Dhuwaya. Dhuwaya is a Yolŋu language variety spoken in Yirrkala and surrounding areas in East Arnhem Land. Dhuwaya is the first language of the children who attend a bilingual school in which Dhuwaya and English are the languages of instruction. Dhuwaya and English have different phonemic inventories and different alphabets. The Dhuwaya alphabet is based on Roman alphabet symbols and has 31 graphemes (compared to 26 in English). The app was designed to teach children how to segment and blend syllables and phonemes and to identify common words as well as suffixes used in the language. However, the development was not straightforward, and the impact of the linguistic, cultural and educational challenges could not have been predicted. Amongst these was the inherent variation in the language, including glottal stops, the pronunciation of stops, the focus on syllables as a decoding strategy for literacy development and challenges of finding one-syllable words such as those initially used with English-speaking children. Another challenge was identifying culturally appropriate images which the children could relate to and which were not copyrighted. In this paper, we discuss these plus a range of other issues that emerged, identifying how these problems were addressed and resolved by the interdisciplinary and intercultural team.

scholarly journals Testing the Effect of Hedge Height on Perceived Safety—A Landscape Design Intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5063
Author(s):  
Katinka H. Evensen ◽  
Helena Nordh ◽  
Ramzi Hassan ◽  
Aslak Fyhri
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Space Management ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact

Access to safe, green urban environments is important for quality of life in cities. The objective of this study is to explore the impact of a safety-enhancing landscape design measure on visitors’ experiences in an urban park. Additionally, this paper combines the use of field and virtual reality (VR) experiments, contributing methodological insights into how to evaluate safety measures in green space management and research on perceived safety. In a field experiment (n = 266), we explored whether the height of a hedge along a pathway influenced perceived safety among users. The field study showed that cutting down the hedge improved the perceived prospect of the immediate surrounding areas for female users, which again made them feel safer in the park. We developed a VR experiment for an evening scenario in the same environment (n = 19) to supplement the field study and test the effect of the intervention further. The VR experiment also found a gender effect on perceived safety, with females reporting lower perceived safety, but no effect was shown for the height of the hedge. The results in this study show that environmental attributes such as perceived prospect and concealment should be considered in the design and management of urban green spaces. Additionally, this research demonstrates an approach to conducting field experiments to test the effects of actual design interventions and then further developing these experiments using VR technology. Further research on perceived safety in outdoor spaces is needed to make use of this combined method’s potential.

scholarly journals Analisis Jejaring Pengurangan Resiko di Kawasan Rawan Bencana (KRB) Gunung Slamet

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Agus Setio Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Know How ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Face ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact

Simple observation of events for the disaster in Indonesia is almost always showed the same picture is a condition in which reactive attitude and spontaneous, unplanned as shown by society and government. There is a general tendency that people do not know how to act or addressing disaster. Regional preparedness in the face of natural disasters is very important. Slamet mountain with an altitude of 3,428 meters above sea level is the highest mountain in Central Java and the second highest in Java. Population data in the area of Mount Slamet and surrounding areas are included in Kawasan Rawan Bencana (disaster-prone areas) is approximately 215 953 inhabitants. Seeing the extent of the area affected by the eruption of Mount Slamet threats can not be taken lightly. This study aimed to explore the networking model for effective disaster risk reduction in disaster-prone areas of Mount Slamet. Networking model for disaster risk reduction is a very important information in order to overcome the impact of the eruption of Mount Slamet.

scholarly journals Automatic delineation of debris-covered glaciers using InSAR coherence derived from X-, C- and L-band radar data: a case study of Yazgyl Glacier

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (247) ◽  
pp. 811-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFAN LIPPL ◽  
SAURABH VIJAY ◽  
MATTHIAS BRAUN
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Window Size ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
L Band ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Coherence Estimation ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTDespite their importance for mass-balance estimates and the progress in techniques based on optical and thermal satellite imagery, the mapping of debris-covered glacier boundaries remains a challenging task. Manual corrections hamper regular updates. In this study, we present an automatic approach to delineate glacier outlines using interferometrically derived synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) coherence, slope and morphological operations. InSAR coherence detects the temporally decorrelated surface (e.g. glacial extent) irrespective of its surface type and separates it from the highly coherent surrounding areas. We tested the impact of different processing settings, for example resolution, coherence window size and topographic phase removal, on the quality of the generated outlines. We found minor influence of the topographic phase, but a combination of strong multi-looking during interferogram generation and additional averaging during coherence estimation strongly deteriorated the coherence at the glacier edges. We analysed the performance of X-, C- and L- band radar data. The C-band Sentinel-1 data outlined the glacier boundary with the least misclassifications and a type II error of 0.47% compared with Global Land Ice Measurements from Space inventory data. Our study shows the potential of the Sentinel-1 mission together with our automatic processing chain to provide regular updates for land-terminating glaciers on a large scale.

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in cattle from 1986 to 2012 in and around badger-culled areas of the RBCT

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hendy
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Badger Culling ◽  
Scientific Group ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
South West England

In 2007 the Independent Scientific Group (ISG) reported to the UK government the impact on bovine tuberculosis (TB) in cattle of a trial where badgers were culled between 1998 and 2005. This trial, known as the Randomised Badger Culling Trial (RBCT), was performed across 100 km2 (nominal) zones in the West of England. The results were based on a model of new herd incidence data. It was concluded that reactive culling generated overall detrimental effects, while proactive culling achieved very modest overall benefits at the cost of elevated incidence on neighbouring farms. This work looks at more extensive RBCT data to examine if these findings hold true. Instead of presenting the results of a model, this work directly illustrates data supplied in March 2016 by the Animal and Plant Health Agency. Such data covers a greater number of years (1986 to 2012) and includes the prevalence of herd restrictions as well as herd incidence. It appears that whilst cattle TB noticeably reduced in areas subjected to proactive culling, TB did not significantly increase in the surrounding areas. The more limited reactive culls were found to have no significant impact either positively or negatively. This applied to both the treated and surrounding areas. The more extensive data also showed that culling badgers only reduced confirmed TB with no significant impact on unconfirmed TB. This was also found by the ISG in 2007 when using their model. The delay before culling benefit became apparent was about 5 years after the first substantial cull. This has implications for the culls which started in South West England in 2013. If account is taken for the need to average the data, the number of years needed to see TB drop, and the reporting delay, it may not be until September 2023 before the impact of these culls become clear. Also, if culls stop after year four in each zone, this risks benefits falling short of those achieved in the RBCT.

UK landfill methane emissions: Use of mobile plume measurements and carbon isotopic characterisation to reassess oxidation rates for open and closed sites 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Bakkaloglu ◽  
Dave Lowry ◽  
Rebecca Fisher ◽  
James France ◽  
Euan Nisbet
Keyword(s):  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Landfill Cover ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
The Impact

<p>Biological methane oxidation in landfill cover material can be characterised using stable isotopes. Methane oxidation fraction is calculated from the carbon isotopic signature of emitted CH<sub>4</sub>, with enhanced microbial consumption of methane in the aerobic portion of the landfill cover indicated by a shift to less depleted isotopic values in the residual methane emitted to air. This study was performed at four southwest England landfill sites. Mobile mole fraction measurement at the four sites was coupled with Flexfoil bag sampling of air for high-precision isotope analysis. Gas well samples collected from the pipeline systems and downwind plume air samples were utilized to estimate methane oxidation rate for whole sites. This work was designed to assess the impact on carbon isotopic signature and oxidation rate as UK landfill practice and waste streams have changed in recent years.</p><p>The landfill status such as closed and active, seasonal variation, cap stripping and site closure impact on landfill isotopic signature and oxidation rate were evaluated. The isotopic signature of <sup>13</sup>C-CH<sub>4</sub> values of emissions varied between -60 and -54‰, with an averaged value of -57 +- 2‰ for methane from closed and active landfill sites. Methane emissions from older, closed landfill sites were typically more enriched in <sup>13</sup>C than emissions from active sites. This study found that the isotopic signature of <sup>13</sup>C-CH<sub>4</sub> of fugitive methane did not show a seasonal trend, and there was no plume observed from a partial cap stripping process to assess changes in <sup>13</sup>C-CH<sub>4</sub>  isotopic signatures of emitted methane. Also, the closure of an active landfill cell caused a significant decrease in mole fraction of measured CH<sub>4</sub>, which was less depleted <sup>13</sup>C in the emitted plume due to a higher oxidation rate. Methane oxidation, estimated from the isotope fractionation, ranged from 3 to 27%, with mean values of 7% and 15% for active and closed landfills, respectively. These results indicate that the oxidation rate is highly site specific.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Research on Gasification of Solid Wastes in Civil Airports

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 04045
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Mingxing Huang ◽  
Wen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Waste Gasification ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact

After the airport is put into operation, a large amount of wastes generated every day will bring waste disposal pressure and ecological environment pressure to the airport and surrounding areas. This article expounds the current methods of airport waste disposal. According to the principle of waste reduction, harmless and reclamation, a set of solid waste gasification methods suitable for airports are proposed, which can reduce waste transportation and landfill costs, effectively control the impact of environmental pollution. At the same time, it can use waste heat to generate electricity to turn wastes into treasure and promote green airport construction.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of the Kuroshio Current on vertical cloud structure using CloudSat data

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 7657-7667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yamauchi ◽  
Kazuaki Kawamoto ◽  
Atsuyoshi Manda ◽  
Jiming Li
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Kuroshio Current ◽  
Cloud Layer ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Kuroshio ◽  
Precipitating Clouds ◽  
Geometric Thickness

Abstract. This study analyzed CloudSat satellite data to determine how the warm ocean Kuroshio Current affects the vertical structure of clouds. Rainfall intensity around the middle troposphere (6 km in height) over the Kuroshio was greater than that over surrounding areas. The drizzle clouds over the Kuroshio have a higher frequency of occurrence of geometrically thin (0.5–3 km) clouds and thicker (7–10 km) clouds compared to those around the Kuroshio. Moreover, the frequency of occurrence of precipitating clouds with a geometric thickness of 7 to 10 km increased over the Kuroshio. Stronger updrafts over the Kuroshio maintain large droplets higher in the upper part of the cloud layer, and the maximum radar reflectivity within a cloud layer in non-precipitating and drizzle clouds over the Kuroshio is higher than that around the Kuroshio.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of the Dust Impacts from Construction Sites on Surrounding Areas: A City Case Study in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yan ◽  
Guoliang Ding ◽  
Hongyang Li ◽  
Yousong Wang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact

Construction activities generate a large amount of dust and cause significant impacts on air quality of surrounding areas. Thus, revealing the characteristics of construction dust is crucial for finding the way of reducing its effects. To fully uncover the characteristics of construction dust affecting surrounding areas, this study selected seven representative construction sites in Qingyuan city, China as empirical cases for field evaluation. In the experiment, the up-downwind method was adopted to monitor and collect TSP (total suspended particulate), PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤10 µm and 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter, respectively) concentrations, meteorological data and construction activities of each site for 2 to 3 days and 18 h in a day. The results show that the average daily construction site makes the surrounding areas’ concentration of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 increase by 42.24%, 19.76% and 16.27%, respectively. The proportion of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in building construction dust is 1, 0.239 and 0.116, respectively. The large diameter particulate matter was the major constituent and the distance of its influence was limited. In addition, construction vehicles were one of the main influencing factors for building construction dust. However, building construction dust was not significantly correlated with any single meteorological factor when it did not change too much. Findings of this research can provide a valuable basis for reducing the impact of building construction dust on surrounding areas.

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