scholarly journals Functional Change of Brain Serotonergic Activity and Free Tryptophan in the Plasma of Depressed Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Felipe Vázquez-Estupiñan ◽  
Rocío Herrera-Márquez ◽  
José Antonio Mondragón-Herrera ◽  
Guillermina Lara-Pérez ◽  
Gabriel Manjarrez-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Functional Change ◽  
Free Tryptophan ◽  
Serotonergic Activity

Functional change of the auditory cortex related to brain serotonergic neurotransmission in type 1 diabetic adolescents with and without depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 323-323
Author(s):  
G. Manjarrez ◽  
R. Herrera ◽  
J. Manjarrez ◽  
S. Mejenes ◽  
J. Hernandez-R
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Free Fraction ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Serotonergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Plasma Free Fraction

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether diabetic patients who were depressed present a decrease of brain serotonergic activity compared to diabetic patients without depression or patients with depression but without diabetes. Determination was made with plasma free fraction of l-tryptophan (FFT) and intensity-dependent auditory-evoked potentials (IDAEPs).MethodsThirty seven adolescents were studied (20 type 1 diabetic subjects: 9 with depression, 11 without depression), 9 controls and 8 subjects with only depression. FFT, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, free fatty acids, albumin and IDAEPs were determined.ResultAll diabetic patients showed a significant decrease of FFT. The group diabetic subjects with depression presented a steeper slope of the amplitude-intensity function of N1/P2 component, suggesting a higher reactivity of the auditory cortex in comparison to diabetic subjects without depression, subjects with only depression, and controls. This was associated with lower plasma FFT. Diabetic subjects with depression had a deficiency of metabolic control due to poor treatment adherence.ConclusionsThese findings suggest an enhanced deterioration of brain serotonergic neurotransmission in diabetic subjects with depression with abnormal responses of the auditory cortex. The N1/P2 component of IDAEP is proposed as a noninvasive indicator of brain serotonergic tone that differentiates depressed from nondepressed diabetic patients.

Serotonergic Genes and Suicidality

Crisis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisheng Du ◽  
Gabor Faludi ◽  
Miklos Palkovits ◽  
David Bakish ◽  
Pavel D. Hrdina
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Completed Suicide

Summary: Several lines of evidence indicate that abnormalities in the functioning of the central serotonergic system are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive illness and suicidal behavior. Studies have shown that the number of brain and platelet serotonin transporter binding sites are reduced in patients with depression and in suicide victims, and that the density of 5-HT2A receptors is increased in brain regions of depressed in suicide victims and in platelets of depressed suicidal patients. Genes that code for proteins, such as tryptophan hydroxylase, 5-HT transporter, and 5-HT2A receptor, involved in regulating serotonergic neurotransmission, have thus been major candidate genes for association studies of suicide and suicidal behavior. Recent studies by our group and by others have shown that genetic variations in the serotonin-system-related genes might be associated with suicidal ideation and completed suicide. We have shown that the 102 C allele in 5-HT2A receptor gene was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (χ2 = 8.5, p < .005) in depressed patients. Patients with a 102 C/C genotype had a significantly higher mean HAMD item #3 score (indication of suicidal ideation) than T/C or T/T genotype patients. Our results suggest that the 102T/C polymorphism in 5-HT2A receptor gene is primarily associated with suicidal ideation in patients with major depression and not with depression itself. We also found that the 5-HT transporter gene S/L polymorphism was significantly associated with completed suicide. The frequency of the L/L genotype in depressed suicide victims was almost double of that found in control group (48.6% vs. 26.2%). The odds ratio for the L allele was 2.1 (95% CI 1.2-3.7). The association between polymorphism in serotonergic genes and suicidality supports the hypothesis that genetic factors can modulate suicide risk by influencing serotonergic activity.

Gentrification and functional change in Budapest – ‘ruin bars’ and the commodification of housing in a post-socialist context

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Gergely Olt ◽  
Adrienne Csizmady
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

AbstractThe growth of the tourism and hospitality industry played an important role in the gentrification of the post-socialist city of Budapest. Although disinvestment was present, reinvestment was moderate for decades after 1989. Privatisation of individual tenancies and the consequent fragmented ownership structure of heritage buildings made refurbishment and reinvestment less profitable. Because of local contextual factors and global changes in consumption habits, the function of the dilapidated 19th century housing stock transformed in the 2000s, and the residential neighbourhood which was the subject of the research turned into the so called ‘party district’. The process was followed in our ongoing field research. The functional change made possible speculative investment in inner city housing and played a major role in the commodification of the disinvested housing stock.

scholarly journals Change of the functional purpose of the object through urbanistic analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 02011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliia Talipova ◽  
Egor Kosyakov ◽  
Marina Romanovich ◽  
Mikhail Lunyakov
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Emergency Condition ◽  
The World ◽  
Functional Purpose

This article is devoted to changing the functional purpose of the object in an emergency condition and included in the "gray belt" of Saint Petersburg. The analysis of the physical and social environment of the study area was carried out. By results of the study, a SWOT analysis was compiled, and the option of the functional change for co-living was considered. The purpose of co-living is to create a home environment that inspires and empowers its residents to be active creators and participants in the world around them. The necessary investments and the payback period of this project were calculated, the business model was developed.

scholarly journals Evaluating functional change using the Physical Abilities and Mobility Scale in acute paediatric neurorehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
David K Young ◽  
Helen E Starace ◽  
Hannah I Boddy ◽  
Keira MD Connolly ◽  
Kieren J Lock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Acute Hospital ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Function ◽  
Physical Abilities

Background/Aims Childhood acquired brain injury is the leading cause of death and long-term disability among children and young people in the UK. Following a childhood brain injury, function is shown to improve within a specialist neurorehabilitation setting. Little evidence currently exists to demonstrate gross motor functional change within an acute hospital setting. The Physical Abilities and Mobility Scale is a valid and reliable outcome measure for use within inpatient paediatric neurorehabilitation following brain injury. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate how the gross motor function of paediatric patients with a new acquired brain injury changes during an acute hospital admission. Methods Data were collected for all patients admitted as an inpatient to one acute hospital over a 12-month period. The Physical Abilities and Mobility Scale was completed at baseline, at least weekly and again at discharge. Views relating to the utility of the Physical Abilities and Mobility Scale were sought among physiotherapists using the measure in order to inform acceptability. Results A total of 28 patients were included in this study. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed, which showed a highly significant improvement in function as scored on the Physical Abilities and Mobility Scale between baseline assessment (median 29.00, interquartile range 25.00–35.50) and discharge (median 85.00, interquartile range 75.00–95.00, Z=-4.624, P<0.001). A total of five patients (17.86%) were referred on for specialist residential neurorehabilitation. A post hoc analysis found that the rate of change of the Physical Abilities and Mobility Scale appeared to have an impact on final discharge destination, with slow improvers 18.60 times more likely to require specialist rehabilitation than others. The Physical Abilities and Mobility Scale was found to be acceptable among physiotherapists using it. Conclusions Children with a new acquired brain injury make significant improvements in gross motor function during a period of acute inpatient neurorehabilitation. Further work should look to refine the measure and gain a full understanding of its clinical utilities.

scholarly journals The Minimal Clinical Important Difference (MCID) in Annual Rate of Change of Timed Function Tests in Boys with DMD

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tina Duong ◽  
Jennifer Canbek ◽  
Marisa Birkmeier ◽  
Leslie Nelson ◽  
Catherine Siener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Natural History Study ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare x-linked recessive genetic disorder affecting 1 in every 5000–10000 [1, 2]. This disease leads to a variable but progressive sequential pattern of muscle weakness that eventually leads to loss of important functional milestones such as the ability to walk. With promising drugs in development to ameliorate the effects of muscle weakness, these treatments must be associated with a clinically meaningful functional change. Objective: The objective of this analysis is to determine both distribution, minimal detectable change (MDC), and anchor-based, minimal clinically important difference, (MCID) of 12 month change values in standardized time function tests (TFT) used to monitor disease progression in DMD. Method: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from a multi-center prospective natural history study with the Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (CINRG). This study calculated MDC and MCID values for 3 commonly used timed function tests typically used to monitor disease progression; supine to stand (STS), 10 meter walk/run(10MWT), and 4 stair climb(4SC). MDC used standard error of measurement (SEM) while MCID measurements used the Vignos scale as an anchor to determine clinical change in functional status. Results: All 3 TFT were significantly important clinical endpoints to detect MDC and MCID changes. MDC and MCID 12 month changes were significant in 10MWT(–0.138, –0.212), Supine to Stand (–0.026, –0.023) and 4 stair climb (–0.034, –0.035) with an effect size greater or close to 0.2. Conclusion: The 3 TFT are clinically meaningful endpoints used to establish change in DMD. MCID values were higher than MDC values indicating that an anchor-based approach using Vignos as a clinically meaningful loss of lower extremity abilities is appropriate to assess change in boys with DMD.

Does functional change predict the course of improvement in geriatric inpatient rehabilitation?

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Denkinger ◽  
Wilmar Igl ◽  
Michael Jamour ◽  
Anne Bader ◽  
Stefanie Bailer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Functional Change

Direct determination of free tryptophan contents in soy sauces and its application as an index of soy sauce adulteration

2010 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghong Zhu ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Zhaoxu Zhou ◽  
Genrong Li ◽  
Mei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Determination ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Free Tryptophan
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