scholarly journals Contribution of Dry Forest Products to Household Income and Determinants of Forest Income Levels in the Northwestern and Southern Lowlands of Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (05) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Busha Teshome ◽  
Habtemariam Kassa ◽  
Zerihun Mohammed ◽  
Christine Padoch
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Forest Income

scholarly journals Economic Contribution to Local Livelihoods and Households Dependency on Dry Land Forest Products in Hammer District, Southeastern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagm Fikir ◽  
Wubalem Tadesse ◽  
Abdella Gure
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Forest Income ◽  
Economic Contribution

The study was conducted in Hammer district, Southern Ethiopia, to provide empirical evidence on economic contribution to local livelihoods and households dependency on dry forest products. One agropastoral and two pastoral kebeles were purposively selected, and data was collected through household survey, group discussions, market assessments, and field observation. A total of 164 households, selected based on a random sampling procedure, were interviewed using structured questionnaire. The study found that income from forest products contributes 21.4% of the total annual household income. The major dry forest products include honey, fuel wood, gum and resin, and crafts and construction materials, contributing 49%, 39%, 6%, and 6% of the forest income, respectively. Households of the pastoral site earned more forest income and were relatively more dependent on forest products income than those in the agropastoral study site. Significant variation was also found among income groups: households with higher total annual income obtain more forest income than those with lower income, but they are relatively less dependent on forest products than the lower counterpart. Besides, various socioeconomic and contextual factors were found to influence forest income and dependency. The findings of the study provide valuable information up on which important implications for dry land forest development and management strategies can be drawn.

Stability and mutual impact of perception of parental pressure and infants' social support – A study based on the difference between employment status and household income

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092199705
Author(s):  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Parental Pressure ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability

The purpose of this study is to explore the stability and interaction between parental pressure and social research report, as well as the role of employment status and family income levels in this process. This study used a special study on Korean children (PSKC) 2–4 waves. Use t-test, correlation and autoregressive cross-delay modeling to analyze the data. The main findings of this study are: First, over time, parental pressure and mother’s social research report are consistent. Secondly, the pressure of motherhood and childcare has an obvious lagging effect on upbringing, and vice versa. Third, there is no significant difference between working mothers and non-working mothers in terms of the stability of working parents' pressure, social research report and social research report for children's pressure channels. However, parental pressure can only predict the social research report of working mothers. Fourth, there is no significant difference between the stability and interaction of these two structures in household income levels. In short, the results show that, over time, parental pressure is consistent with mother’s social research report. The results also show that there is a significant cross-lag effect between the mothers’ perceptions of mutual pressure analysis. In the process from parental pressure to social research report, I found the difference between working and non-working mothers. The advantage of this study is that the expected longitudinal design was adopted during infancy and the priority between the two structures can be considered. The results of this study can be used as a source of intervention plans to help parents withstand severe parenting pressure and lack of social research report.

scholarly journals Forecasting of Households Consumption Expenditure with Nonparametric Regression: The Case of Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Noyan Aydin ◽  
Taner Akmercan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Household Size ◽  
High Income ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Parametric Regression ◽  
Household Disposable Income ◽  
R Programming ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between household income and expenditure is important for understanding how the shape of the economic dynamics of the households. In this study, the relationship between household consumption expenditure and household disposable income were analyzed by Locally Weighted Scatterplot Smoothing Regression which is a nonparametric method using R programming. This study aimed to determine relationship between variables directly, unlike making any assumptions are commonly used as in the conventional parametric regression. According to the findings, effect on expenditure with increasing of income and household size together increased rapidly at first, and then speed of increase decreased. This increase can be explained by having greater compulsory consumption expenditure relatively in small households. Besides, expenditure is relatively higher in middle and high income levels according to low income level. However, the change in expenditure is limited in middle and is the most limited in high income levels when household size changes.

Contribution of Nontimber Forest Products to Rural Household Income in the Kassena-Nankana West District of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-227
Author(s):  
William Agia Adongo ◽  
Collins Kwabena Osei ◽  
Camillus Abawiera Wongnaa
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Nontimber Forest Products ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Poor Households

Abstract The contribution of income from nontimber forest products (NTFPs) to rural livelihoods and household income has received global recognition. However, there are growing concerns of overexploitation of NTFPs driven by poverty and policy neglect that threaten the sustainability of the NTFP resource base in Kassena-Nankana West District (KNWD) of Ghana. The study investigated the contribution of income from NTFPs to household income and socioeconomic factors that influence the collection and marketing of NTFPs in KNWD. Using a multistage sampling technique, quantitative data were collected from 375 households through structured survey questionnaires. Qualitative data were gathered through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. Results showed that income from NTFPs forms a significant part of household income with a contribution of 32.69 percent to household income. Regression analysis revealed sex of respondent (P = 0.057), household size (P = 0.046), agricultural land size (P = 0.000), NTFP retailers (P = 0.000), NTFP wholesalers (P = 0.000), and value-added NTFPs (P = 0.000) as significantly and positively correlated with income from NTFPs. Results further indicated that poor households depend primarily on NTFPs in order to achieve their subsistence and income needs compared to high-income households. This research recommends that stakeholders and policymakers consider the needs of forest-dependent communities in policy analysis on NTFP conservation measures. Also, the role of households, especially the low income (poor), in the management of forest resources should be spelled out since they depend primarily on NTFPs to meet their subsistence and income needs.

Convergence of Forest Resources in Jangalmahal, West Bengal

2016 ◽  
pp. 511-537
Author(s):  
Nilendu Chatterjee ◽  
Soumyananda Dinda
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
The People ◽  
Forest Income ◽  
History Of ◽  
Beta Convergence

The topic of growth and convergence is at the heart of a wide-ranging debate in the growth literature. The century long history of deprivation and backwardness of Jangalmahal area and four districts of it in the state of West Bengal—Purulia, Bankura, West Midnapore and parts of Birbhum—is also a well discussed issue. The dependency of the people on forest products to earn livelihoods is a natural phenomenon which, over the years, has resulted in considerable exploitation of forest resources. Through this chapter, we have made an attempt to see whether there exists any convergence, both absolute as well as conditional, in the total forest product of Jangalmahal and in the incomes earned from forest resources. We have seen the presence of Beta convergence, both conditional and absolute, in both tests of forest products as well as income from it. Sigma of forest income diverges instead of converge. Similar result is seen in case of timber.

Cross-State Comparison of Income and Vehicle-Ownership Effects on Household Mobility

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (11) ◽  
pp. 813-826
Author(s):  
Yi-Shih Chung ◽  
Chi-Hung Wu
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
High Income ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Household Mobility ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Trip Frequency ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

The study investigated the effects of income and vehicle ownership on household mobility (measured as trip frequency, miles traveled, and transit use) across states on the basis of the 2017 National Household Travel Survey. Bayesian multilevel (or random-effect) regression models were developed to include state-policy variables and overcome the concern of small sample sizes in some household strata. The analysis results indicated that household income levels were positively associated with vehicle ownership and mobility; however, extremely high-income households were not necessarily more likely than high-income households to own more vehicles. Owning at least one vehicle was the norm for most households, except under two conditions: when the household income was extremely low or when the state transit level of service (LOS) was high. Moreover, states with a high transit LOS exhibited similar household mobility as long as households had similar income levels and vehicle ownership rates; by contrast, household mobility in states with a low transit LOS was relatively varied. Fully equipped (at least one vehicle per driver) and car-light households (having more drivers than vehicles) exhibited a similar trip frequency number; however, the vehicle miles traveled of car-light households were significantly shorter, especially in states with a high transit LOS. These results suggest that the mobility benefits of being fully equipped are more limited than we had anticipated. Transit services can affect household vehicle ownership and mobility only when being provided above a certain LOS.

568P_PR Changes in household income levels as a result of cancer diagnosis and treatment – A single centre study

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl_9) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Agarwal ◽  
D.J. Karikios ◽  
P. Beale ◽  
M.R. Stockler ◽  
P. Blinman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Centre Study ◽  
Single Centre Study

scholarly journals Analysis of economic efficiency of horse production

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Uranbaigal Dejidbal ◽  
Lkhagvadorj Batsambuu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Survey Results

One of the main sources of development and livelihood in our country comes from  the production of the agricultural sector, only second after the mining industry. Agricultural sector not only supplies food and essential nutrients but it is a source of income and employment. The main labor force in this sector  consists of herders, and the  best way to ensure their livelihood is to increase the number of  livestock. However, there are different ways to calculate costs and revenues of pastoral livestock production. Nomadic herder households have different income sources and expenses depending on the type of livestock that they herd and it varies by region. The study focuses on households herding horses and aims to conduct    efficiency analysis on the household f income and expenses using  the  data gathered by the survey. The household income and expenses depend on what type of livestock they are herding. Households that are herding horses are surveyed through written surveys in this study. The economic efficiency methodology was used in the analysis. Furthermore, the study analysed statistics of the productivity of livestock. The study finds that a high number of horses are correlated with highly efficient income levels from the livestock. According to the survey results, in the Khangai region, the average efficiency level of all regions is 104.08%, and the steppe zone is 14.55%. Адууны аж ахуйн бүтээгдэхүүн үйлдвэрлэлийн эдийн засгийн үр ашгийн шинжилгээ Манай орны хөгжлийн гол тулгуур багануудын нэг нь  уул уурхайн дараа хөдөө аж ахуйн салбар түүн дотроо мал аж ахуйн  үйлдвэрлэл  ордог. Энэ салбарын хөдөлмөрийн гол нөөц малчид бөгөөд тэдний амьжиргааны баталгаат байдлыг хангах гол эх үүсвэр нь мал, малын тоо толгойн өсөлт байсаар ирсэн байна. Бэлчээрийн мал аж ахуйн үйлдвэрлэлийн зардал, орлогын талаар харьцангуй ялгаатай ойлголтууд байсаар байна. Малчин өрхийн хувьд малын төрлөөс шалтгаалан орлого, зардлын бүтэц ялгаатай бөгөөд адуун сүргийн хувьд орлого болон зардлын хэмжээг өрх бүрээр анкет-асуулгын аргаар бүртгэн авч үр ашгийн түвшнийг тооцоолон, дүгнэлт гаргах зорилго тавьсан болно. Малчин өрхийн адууны аж ахуйгаасаа олох орлого, зардлын зөрүү нь  адууны толгойн тооноос гадна бүс нутгийн байршлаас хамаардаг байна. Бэлчээрийн мал аж ахуйн салбаруудын дотроос оны эхний 1 толгойгоос үйлдвэрлэж буй бүтээгдэхүүний хэмжээгээр хамгийн их нь монгол үхэр, дараа нь тэмээ, адуу, хамгийн бага нь ямаа, хонь байна. [1] Адууны аж ахуйн хувьд бэлчээр, тэжээл, арчилгаа, маллагаа, хашаа саравч зэрэгт зарцуулах зардал бусад малд зарцуулах зардалтай харьцуулбал бага бөгөөд харин амьдаар болон маханд зориулж зах зээлд борлуулах, мах, сүүн ашиг шимийг ашиглах зэргээс олох орлогын хэмжээ бусад малтай харьцуулбал өндөр байгаа нь орлого, зардлын зөрүү их байх нөхцөлийг бүрдүүлдэг учраас адууны аж ахуйн үр ашиг нэлээд өндөр байх болно гэсэн таамаглал дэвшүүлэн судалгааг явууллаа. Бэлчээрийн мал аж ахуйн үйлдвэрлэлийн тэр тусмаа адууны аж ахуйгаас олох орлого болон зардлын бүртгэл харьцангуй бага, бүдэг байгаа учраас судалгааг өрх бүрд очиж гэрийн эзэд, эзэгтэйгээс асуулгын аргаар тодруулан бүртгэж авсан болно. Судалгаанд үр ашгийн түвшнийг тооцох арга зүйг  ашигласан бөгөөд судалгаанд хамрагдсан өрхүүдийг малын тоогоор бүлэглэн шинжилгээг гүйцэтгэсэн юм. Малчин өрхүүдийн адууны толгойн тооны ялгаатай байдал нь адууг адгуулан маллах, өсгөж үржүүлэхэд зарцуулах зардал, адууны ашиг шим, бүтээгдэхүүний борлуулалтаас олох орлогын бүтцэд нэлээд нөлөөтэй байгаа нь ажиглагдсан болно.  Судалгааны үр дүнгээс харахад Хангайн бүсийн  дунджаар үр ашгийн түвшин 104.08%, хээрийн бүс 14.55% байна.  Түлхүүр үг: Гүүний айраг,  Хангайн бүс, Хээрийн бүс, малчин өрх, орлого, зардал.  

scholarly journals Internal Migrations as a Driving Force of Regional Disintegration: An Empirical Analysis of NUTS-2 Regions in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-248
Author(s):  
Ayfer Özyılmaz ◽  
Yüksel Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
Migration Direction ◽  
Internal Migrations ◽  
Quantile Regression Method

Internal migrations, which involve population movements within the borders of a country for economic, political or social reasons, is seen as both a cause and a result of regional imbalances. In this framework, the effect increasing internal migrations have on developed and underdeveloped regions may differ through the effect of the different socio-cultural and economic conditions between regions. The aspect of imbalance is directly related to the extent to which migration affects parameters such as wage, production, consumption, human capital levels, entrepreneurial migration, unemployment, and household income in regions with different stages of development. This study analyzes the effect internal migration has on regional imbalances in Turkey’s NUTS-2 regions during 2008-2019 using the bootstrap quantile regression method. According to the analysis findings, internal migration increases growth in all NUTS-2 regions, but this effect is stronger at higher income levels. In this context, as a region’s income levels increase, the effect of net migration on growth also increases. When considering the migration direction to be from low-income regions to high-income regions, internal migration has been found to increase interregional disintegration in Turkey.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document