scholarly journals Improved <i>β</i>-cell function rather than increased insulin sensitivity is associated with reduction in hemoglobin A1c in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Satoru Sumitani ◽  
Shinya Morita ◽  
Reiko Deguchi ◽  
Koichi Hirai ◽  
Kosuke Mukai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Brasnyó ◽  
Gergő A. Molnár ◽  
Márton Mohás ◽  
Lajos Markó ◽  
Boglárka Laczy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Although resveratrol has widely been studied for its potential health benefits, little is known about its metabolic effects in humans. Our aims were to determine whether the polyphenol resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients and to gain some insight into the mechanism of its action. After an initial general examination (including blood chemistry), nineteen patients enrolled in the 4-week-long double-blind study were randomly assigned into two groups: a resveratrol group receiving oral 2 × 5 mg resveratrol and a control group receiving placebo. Before and after the second and fourth weeks of the trial, insulin resistance/sensitivity, creatinine-normalised ortho-tyrosine level in urine samples (as a measure of oxidative stress), incretin levels and phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt):protein kinase B (Akt) ratio in platelets were assessed and statistically analysed. After the fourth week, resveratrol significantly decreased insulin resistance (homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance) and urinary ortho-tyrosine excretion, while it increased the pAkt:Akt ratio in platelets. On the other hand, it had no effect on parameters that relate to β-cell function (i.e. homeostasis model of assessment of β-cell function). The present study shows for the first time that resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity in humans, which might be due to a resveratrol-induced decrease in oxidative stress that leads to a more efficient insulin signalling via the Akt pathway.

Physical training may enhance β-cell function in type 2 diabetes

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. E1024-E1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming Dela ◽  
Michael E. von Linstow ◽  
Kári Joensen Mikines ◽  
Henrik Galbo
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Test ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

In healthy young subjects, training increases insulin sensitivity but decreases the capacity to secrete insulin. We studied whether training changes β-cell function in type 2 diabetic patients. Patients, stratified into “moderate” and “low” secretors according to individual C-peptide responses to an intravenous glucagon test, were randomly assigned to a training program [ergometer cycling 30–40 min/day, including at least 20 min at 75% maximum oxygen consumption (V̇o2 max), 5 days/wk for 3 mo] or a sedentary schedule. Before and after the intervention (16 h after last training bout), a sequential hyperglycemic (90 min at 11, 18, and 25 mM) clamp was performed. An intravenous bolus of 5 g of arginine was given at the end. Training increased V̇o2 max 17 ± 13% and decreased heart rate during submaximal exercise ( P < 0.05). During the 3 mo of sedentary lifestyle, insulin and C-peptide responses to the clamp procedures were unchanged in both moderate and low secretors. Likewise, no change in β-cell response was seen after training in the low secretors ( n = 5). In contrast, moderate secretors ( n = 9) showed significant increases in β-cell responses to 18 and 25 mM hyperglycemia and to arginine stimulation. Glucagon responses to arginine as well as measures of insulin sensitivity and Hb A1c levels were not altered by training. In conclusion, in type 2 diabetic patients, training may enhance β-cell function if the remaining secretory capacity is moderate but not if it is low. The improved β-cell function does not require changes in insulin sensitivity and Hb A1c concentration.

scholarly journals Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function in the Offspring of Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Impact of Line of Inheritance

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 4703-4711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Natali ◽  
Elza Muscelli ◽  
Andrea Mari ◽  
Beverley Balkau ◽  
Mark Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic
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