Morphological and Quantitative Study of Neurons in the Gracile Nucleus of the Camel Brain Stem

Saleh M. Al-Hussain; Raith A. Al-Saffar; Sami I. Zaqout

doi:10.4236/jbbs.2012.21005

Morphological and Quantitative Study of Neurons in the Gracile Nucleus of the Camel Brain Stem

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science ◽

10.4236/jbbs.2012.21005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 02 (01) ◽

pp. 35-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Saleh M. Al-Hussain ◽

Raith A. Al-Saffar ◽

Sami I. Zaqout

Keyword(s):

Brain Stem ◽

Quantitative Study ◽

Gracile Nucleus

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The formalin test: A quantitative study of the analgesic effects of morphine, meperidine, and brain stem stimulation in rats and cats

Pain ◽

10.1016/0304-3959(77)90130-0 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 4 (Supp C) ◽

pp. 161-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 1645

Author(s):

David Dubuisson ◽

Stephen G. Dennis

Keyword(s):

Brain Stem ◽

Quantitative Study ◽

Formalin Test ◽

Analgesic Effects

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Mapping the calcitonin receptor in human brain stem

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00539.2015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 310 (9) ◽

pp. R788-R793 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Rebekah L. Bower ◽

Sajedeh Eftekhari ◽

Henry J. Waldvogel ◽

Richard L. M. Faull ◽

János Tajti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Brain Stem ◽

Area Postrema ◽

Reticular Nucleus ◽

Hypoglossal Nucleus ◽

Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽

Calcitonin Receptor ◽

Gracile Nucleus ◽

Range Of Functions ◽

Receptor Activity Modifying Proteins

The calcitonin receptor (CTR) is relevant to three hormonal systems: amylin, calcitonin, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Receptors for amylin and calcitonin are targets for treating obesity, diabetes, and bone disorders. CGRP receptors represent a target for pain and migraine. Amylin receptors (AMY) are a heterodimer formed by the coexpression of CTR with receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). CTR with RAMP1 responds potently to both amylin and CGRP. The brain stem is a major site of action for circulating amylin and is a rich site of CGRP binding. This study aimed to enhance our understanding of these hormone systems by mapping CTR expression in the human brain stem, specifically the medulla oblongata. Widespread CTR-like immunoreactivity was observed throughout the medulla. Dense CTR staining was noted in several discrete nuclei, including the nucleus of the solitary tract, the hypoglossal nucleus, the cuneate nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, the gracile nucleus, and the inferior olivary nucleus. CTR staining was also observed in the area postrema, the lateral reticular nucleus, and the pyramidal tract. The extensive expression of CTR in the medulla suggests that CTR may be involved in a wider range of functions than currently appreciated.

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Electron-Mirror Microscopic Aspects of Ferroelectric Domains of BaTiO3 And Ca2Sr (C2H5CO2)6

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100069387 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 478-479

Author(s):

Teruo Someya ◽

Jinzo Kobayashi

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Electric Fields ◽

Quantitative Study ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Ferroelectric Domain ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Surface Pattern ◽

Crystal Surfaces ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Ferroelectric Domains

Recent progress in the electron-mirror microscopy (EMM), e.g., an improvement of its resolving power together with an increase of the magnification makes it useful for investigating the ferroelectric domain physics. English has recently observed the domain texture in the surface layer of BaTiO3. The present authors ) have developed a theory by which one can evaluate small one-dimensional electric fields and/or topographic step heights in the crystal surfaces from their EMM pictures. This theory was applied to a quantitative study of the surface pattern of BaTiO3).

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Permeability of the microcirculation in area postrema of rat

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103802 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 348-349

Author(s):

Shams M. Ghoneim ◽

Frank M. Faraci ◽

Gary L. Baumbach

Keyword(s):

Brain Stem ◽

Area Postrema ◽

Upper Body ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sodium Cacodylate ◽

Acute Hypertension ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽

The Brain ◽

Adjacent Brain

The area postrema is a circumventricular organ in the brain stem and is one of the regions in the brain that lacks a fully functional blood-brain barrier. Recently, we found that disruption of the microcirculation during acute hypertension is greater in area postrema than in the adjacent brain stem. In contrast, hyperosmolar disruption of the microcirculation is greater in brain stem. The objective of this study was to compare ultrastructural characteristics of the microcirculation in area postrema and adjacent brain stem.We studied 5 Sprague-Dawley rats. Horseradish peroxidase was injected intravenously and allowed to circulate for 1, 5 or 15 minutes. Following perfusion of the upper body with 2.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate, the brain stem was removed, embedded in agar, and chopped into 50-70 μm sections with a TC-Sorvall tissue chopper. Sections of brain stem were incubated for 1 hour in a solution of 3,3' diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (0.05%) in 0.05M Tris buffer with 1% H2O2.

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