scholarly journals The Role of Fluids in Promoting Seismic Activity in Active Spreading Centers of the Salton Trough, California, USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Hussein ◽  
Aaron A. Velasco ◽  
Laura Serpa ◽  
Diane Doser
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Salton Trough ◽  
Spreading Centers

scholarly journals Impact of earthquake-triggered landslides on catchment sediment yield

2015 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
M. Vanmaercke ◽  
F. Obreja ◽  
J. Poesen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sediment Export

Abstract. This study explores the role of seismic activity in explaining spatial and temporal variation in sediment export from the Siret basin in Romania. Based on long-term (>30 years) sediment export measurements for 38 subcatchments, we found that spatial variation in sediment yield (SY) is strongly correlated to the degree of seismic activity and catchment lithology. Combined, these factors explain 80% of the variation in SY. To investigate the role of earthquake-triggered landslides in explaining these correlations, we studied the temporal variability in sediment concentrations before and after the 7.4 Mw earthquake of 1977 for ten subcatchments. Despite the fact that this earthquake triggered many landslides, only one subcatchment showed a clear (3-fold) increase in sediment concentration per unit discharge after the earthquake. This shows that, although prolonged seismic activity strongly controls average SY, individual earthquakes do not necessarily affect sediment export at short timescales.

When Science Meets Responsibility: The Major Risks Commission and the L’Aquila Earthquake

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Simoncini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Research Question ◽  
L’Aquila Earthquake ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
Main Research

This article aims to analyse the role of law in the identification of the responsibility domain of ‘regulatory science’ (Jasanoff, 1990) within the risk regulatory process. The main research question is therefore,what kindof relationshipbetween science andpolicy-making lawshould design in risk regulation.In order to address this issue, this contribution focuses on the recent verdict of the Tribunal of L’Aquila. After the earthquake occurred in L’Aquila on the 6th April 2009, six Italian scientists that had participated in the Major Risks Commission's meeting have been condemned for the multiple manslaughter of 29 people who were among the 309 victims of the earthquake, ‘for having assessed the risks related to seismic activity in the L’Aquila territory in an inaccurate, generic and ineffective way’ and for having provided ‘information which was imprecise, incomplete and contradictory as to the nature, the causes and the hazardousness and on the future development of the seismic activity’.As far as risk assessment and risk communication are concerned, firstly the tasks of the Major Risks Commission under the Italian Civil Protection law will be analysed. Against this backdrop, the issues related to this expert body's responsibility will be addressed and the gaps in the current accountability regime will be pointed out.

scholarly journals Volatile abundances and oxygen isotopes in basaltic to dacitic lavas on mid-ocean ridges: The role of assimilation at spreading centers

2011 ◽  
Vol 287 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.D. Wanless ◽  
M.R. Perfit ◽  
W.I. Ridley ◽  
P.J. Wallace ◽  
C.B. Grimes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotopes ◽  
Ocean Ridges ◽  
Spreading Centers

How fluids impact seismic/aseismic slip in the Ecuadorian subduction zone? The HIPER marine project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Galve ◽  
Andreas Rietbrock ◽  
Philippe Charvis ◽  
Giorgio De la Torre ◽  
Sandro Vaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Rupture Zone ◽  
Aseismic Slip ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Sea Bottom

<p>Identifying the circulation of fluids in subduction zone system and understanding their role on the megathrust fault slip modes remains one of the outstanding challenges in Earth Sciences. As these faults have the capacity to generate mega-earthquakes, the associated hazard to the society is significant.</p><p>The Ecuadorian subduction zone is one of the places in the world where very large earthquakes can occur, as shown by the Mw 8.8 earthquake in 1906. In April 2016, a Mw 7.8 earthquake broke the southern part of the 1906 earthquake rupture zone, causing hundreds of deaths and millions of dollars in damages along an increasingly populated coastline. The seismological and geodetic network in place since several years and a dense post-seismic deployment, contributed to observe and define the rupture zone and areas affected by aseismic slip on the shallowest portion of the megathrust fault. Those hints of transient slip behaviors, for which fluids have been invoked to explain their occurrence, bring Ecuador to the forefront of natural laboratories to study the link between fluids and slip mode.</p><p>The HIPER marine campaign in March/April 2020 on board R/V Atalante was designed to acquire a dense active/passive, 2D/3D, onshore/offshore dataset, and in particular to derive the role of fluids in slip modes on the Ecuadorian margin. Thanks to an international consortium (Ecuador, Germany, France, United States) we had access to a large number of OBS (47) and land stations (~700) to record both R/V Atalante’s shots and the seismic activity.</p><p>The large-N experiment allowed a high density onshore/offshore deployment to perform shots and earthquakes FWI (Full Waveform Inversion) and obtain sufficient resolution to tackle the role of fluids with respect to interplate roughness, the nature of sediments, upper plate and lower plate’s structural heterogeneity in seismic/aseismic slip behavior.</p><p>A few days after starting the marine campaign, countries closed their frontiers due to the Covid-19 health crisis. The HIPER marine campaign was stopped and scientists on board were repatriated home. During the 10 days out of the 42 days planned, we managed to acquire the planed multichannel seismic reflection lines (abstract by L. Schenini - TS12.1). However, we collected only one of the three planned OBS wide-angle seismic lines (abstract by A. Skrubej - GD4.3), and no OBSs have been deployed for seismic activity monitoring.</p><p>The unique joint reflection/refraction line is perpendicular to the trench, sampling the megathrust fault where aseismic slip occurs, north of Pedernales. On our tomographic inversion, iso-velocity contours characterizing the oceanic crust entering the subduction, are downwards deflected 15 km before the trench. Such observation could be related to fluids affecting the crust and the upper mantle. On MCS image, we observe within the trench a rough oceanic basement, with a horst-like topographic high which outcrops at sea-bottom. Such structure could facilitate fluids infiltrating the crust before the trench in addition to bending faults, and possibly explain low Vp anomaly obtained on our coincident tomographic image.</p><p>A new marine campaign HIPER 2.0 is rescheduled in March/April 2022 to acquire the missing data.</p>

scholarly journals Role of sedimentation in continental rifting from comparing two narrow rift valleys the Salton Trough and Death Valley-California

2011 ◽  
Vol 03 (11) ◽  
pp. 927-935
Author(s):  
Diane Doser ◽  
Musa Hussein ◽  
Laura F. Serpa ◽  
Aaron A. Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Death Valley ◽  
Continental Rifting ◽  
Salton Trough ◽  
Rift Valleys

scholarly journals Geotechnics as an unavoidable segment of earthquake engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 923-936
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Geotechnical Investigations ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Hydrogeological Properties

A broader overview of the role of geotechnics in earthquake engineering is given, and a set of practical examples of the quantification of geotechnical seismic indicators for construction of individual buildings is provided. An overview of oncoming changes to the current design standards for evaluating the effect the soil has on buildings in earthquake conditions is also given. Considering the level of seismic activity in Croatia, the need for adopting a comprehensive approach to seismic microzoning is emphasized, which involves a whole array of indicators, from lithological, engineering geological, and hydrogeological properties, and position of active faults, to identification of unstable slopes and zones of pronounced liquefaction potential, for which extensive geophysical and geotechnical investigations are required.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management
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