Carbon Sequestration under Warm Season Turfgrasses in Home Lawns

Said A. Hamido; E. A. Guertal; C. Wesley Wood

doi:10.4236/gep.2016.49005

Seasonal/Interannual Variations of Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Emission in a Warm-Season Perennial Grassland

Journal of Ecosystems ◽

10.1155/2014/729294 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Deepa Dhital ◽

Tomoharu Inoue ◽

Hiroshi Koizumi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Warm Season ◽

Growing Season ◽

Interannual Variations ◽

Root Carbon ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Below Ground ◽

Perennial Grassland

Carbon sequestration and carbon emission are processes of ecosystem carbon cycling that can be affected while land area converted to grassland resulting in increased soil carbon storage and below-ground respiration. Discerning the importance of carbon cycle in grassland, we aimed to estimate carbon sequestration in photosynthesis and carbon emission in respiration from soil, root, and microbes, for four consecutive years (2007–2010) in a warm-season perennial grassland, Japan. Soil carbon emission increased with increasing growing season temperature which ranged from 438 to 1642 mg CO2 m−2 h−1. Four years’ average soil carbon emission for growing season, nongrowing season, and annual emission was 1123, 364, and 1488 g C m−2, respectively. Nongrowing and snow covered season soil carbon emission contributed 23–25% and 14–17% to the annual emission. Above-ground biomass varied seasonally and variation in green biomass affected soil carbon emission with increasing temperature and precipitation. Temperature effect on root carbon emission contributed about 1/4th of the total soil carbon emission. Variation in soil and root carbon emission is affected by below-ground biomass. Long-term estimation concluded that seasonal and interannual variations in carbon sequestration and emission are very common in grassland ecosystem.

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Herbivory and misidentification of target habitat constrain region-wide restoration success of spekboom (Portulacaria afra) in South African subtropical succulent thicket

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11944 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11944

Author(s):

Marius L. van der Vyver ◽

Anthony J. Mills ◽

Mark Difford ◽

Richard M. Cowling

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sequestration ◽

South African ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Warm Season ◽

Prediction Rule ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Public Works ◽

Sloping Ground ◽

Restoration Success

Restoration of degraded subtropical succulent thicket, via the planting of Portulacaria afra (spekboom) truncheons, is the focus of a public works programme funded by the South African government. The goals of the programme, which started in 2004, are to create jobs, sequester carbon, restore biodiversity, reduce erosion, improve soil water holding capacity and catalyse private sector investment for upscaling of restoration. Here we report on a region-wide experiment to identify factors that can improve project success. Measures of success were survivorship and annual aboveground biomass carbon sequestration (ABCsr) of spekboom truncheons some 33–57 months after planting—starting in March 2008—into 173 fenced plots (0.25 ha) located throughout the global extent of spekboom thicket vegetation. We also collected data for 18 explanatory variables under the control of managers, and an additional 39 variables reflecting soil physical and chemical characteristics and rainfall patterns post restoration, all beyond the influence of managers. Since the latter covariates were available for only 83 plots, we analysed the two data sets separately. We used a prediction rule ensemble to determine the most important predictors of restoration success. There was great variation in percentage survivorship (median = 24, range = 0–100%) and ABCsr (median = 0.009, range = 0–0.38 t C ha−1 yr−1). The model using management variables explained less variance (53%) in survivorship than the model incorporating additional soil and rainfall covariates (62%). ABCsr models were better fits (78 and 88% variance explained, respectively). All model configurations identified browse intensity as a highly influential predictor of restoration success. Predicted success was highest for plots located in target habitat; however, only 45% were thus located, suggesting the need for expert input and habitat modelling for improving target habitat identification. Frost exposure was another important predictor influencing all models but was likely a consequence of locating sites off target habitat. Sites planted on equatorward slopes during the warm season showed reduced carbon sequestration, possibly due to elevated soil moisture stress associated with high radiation loads. Physiographic factors associated with improved restoration success were location on sloping ground (reduced frost exposure), increasing longitude (more warm-season rainfall) and increasing latitude (less frost coastwards). Few trends were evident among post-restoration climatic factors beyond the control of managers. Higher rainfall during the year post restoration had a negative impact on carbon sequestration while higher rain during the early months post restoration had a positive effect on both carbon sequestration and survivorship. Soil factors showed little importance for the survivorship model, whereas silt content, % K and Mg CEC emerged as predictors of carbon sequestration. Our results have direct relevance for improving the success of landscape-scale restoration projects envisioned for the ca. 8,930 km2 of degraded spekboom thicket.

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In-process measurement of urban energy-oxygen-pollution for the main residential building areas in Timisoara

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201911106078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 06078 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vasile Dogaru

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Energy Use ◽

Warm Season ◽

Residential Building ◽

Building Code ◽

Oxygen Production ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Process Measurement ◽

Urban Energy ◽

Street Segments

The development of cities is below the target in reducing pollution and high population density. The environmental agency formulated the rules for the construction of spatial area-based balances of energy use-oxygen production-pollution for the new Building Code of Timisoara. Studies for households or traffic typically evaluate separately energy, oxygen production or pollution. In this research, we have developed a flow-funds model for conterminous residential building processes with spatial-temporal borders. We are modeling the integrated processes for energy-oxygen-pollution in 14 urban zones for households-buildings with segmentation of partial processes for energy-pollution and separately for oxygen flows. The segmentation is based on modeling of 338 streets at nano-levels as street segments. We have found a new solution for the boundaries in place of the 73 Territorial References Units in the in force Building Code. We made the distinction between area-point and in-process measurement. The modeling revealed that national energy-pollution balances did not integrate oxygen urban production which overestimates the CO2 reported figures. The daily intensity of carbon sequestration in the warm season for 14 zones in Timisoara varies between 0.21-0.70 grams per meter squared for residential areas. The different carbon sequestration intensity justifies differentiated measures to reduce the pollution in residential areas.

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Orthopteran Pests: Family Gryllotalpidae

Turfgrass Insects of the United States and Canada ◽

10.7591/cornell/9781501747953.003.0005 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 44-65

Author(s):

Patricia J. Vittum

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Warm Season ◽

Golf Courses ◽

Mole Cricket ◽

Athletic Fields ◽

Home Lawns ◽

Warm Season Grasses

This chapter focuses on Orthopteran pests. The southern mole cricket and the tawny mole cricket are members of the order Orthoptera, family Gryllotalpidae, subfamily Gryllotalpinae. Two genera are listed in this subfamily. The genus Neoscapteriscus can be distinguished by the front tibia with two dactyls; the genus Gryllotalpa has front tibia with four dactyls. The southern mole cricket and the tawny mole cricket are the most destructive insect pests of bahiagrass and bermudagrass turfgrass and pastures in the southeastern United States, and they attack and damage most other warm-season grasses as well. Golf courses are among the areas most heavily affected, but home lawns, athletic fields, and other areas also sustain serious damage.

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Forage-Based Heifer Development Program for North Florida

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ag424-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Jose C.B. Dubeux ◽

Nicolas DiLorenzo ◽

Kalyn Waters ◽

Jane C. Griffin

Keyword(s):

Development Program ◽

Warm Season ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Good News ◽

Cool Season ◽

Beef Industry ◽

Performance Targets ◽

Grazing Systems ◽

Heifer Development ◽

Reducing Costs

Florida has 915,000 beef cows and 125,000 replacement heifers (USDA, 2016). Developing these heifers so that they can become productive females in the cow herd is a tremendous investment in a cow/calf operation, an investment that takes several years to make a return. The good news is that there are options to develop heifers on forage-based programs with the possibility of reducing costs while simultaneously meeting performance targets required by the beef industry. Mild winters in Florida allows utilization of cool-season forages that can significantly enhance the performance of grazing heifers. During the warm-season, integration of forage legumes into grazing systems will provide additional nutrients to meet the performance required to develop a replacement heifer to become pregnant and enter the mature cow herd. In this document, we will propose a model for replacement heifer development, based on forage research performed in trials at the NFREC Marianna.

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Translucent Glass Roofs For Large-Span Coverings

Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel stvo ◽

10.33622/0869-7019.2019.06.23-28 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 23-28

Keyword(s):

Warm Season ◽

Natural Light ◽

Labor Costs ◽

Main Bearing ◽

Large Span ◽

Glass Panels ◽

Technical Properties ◽

Internal Volume ◽

Basic Approaches ◽

Smoke Removal

The article deals with the issues of glass use in the enclosing structures of large-span coverings, which have such advantages as ensuring the penetration of natural light, tightness, minimum labor costs for repair and maintenance. Design shortcomings: the high cost, the need for protection of the internal volume against the penetrating sun rays in the warm season (hothouse effect); arrangement of devices for operation of a roof. The key technical properties and characteristics of glass panels and pane-glass sets, constructive decisions, including interface to the main bearing structures of a large-span covering are given. Peculiarities of their design with due regard for ventilation and smoke removal, a drainage of condensate, ways of fight against frosting and snow drifts on the roof are reflected. Features of the account of loadings, the basic approaches to their calculation are considered. Various design solutions for the spatial metal trussed systems with the original nodal connections are presented. Information on modern solutions of translucent roofs using glass for large-span coverings is given.

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