scholarly journals Research of Small Valley Towns Based on Spatial Syntax Taking Xuecheng as an Example

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 449-458
Author(s):  
Chen Hong ◽  
Yulu Ya ◽  
Tinghua Hu ◽  
Xiaoqing Hu ◽  
Xianmin Mai
Keyword(s):  
Small Valley

Continuities in Architectural Traditions: The Subterráneos of Prehistoric and Modern Northern Mexico

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Solveig A. Turpin ◽  
Herbert H. Eling ◽  
Moisés Valadez Moreno
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Northeastern Mexico ◽  
Small Valley

The recent discovery of a pit house village, 40 km northwest of Monterrey, challenges the conventional view of inland northeastern Mexico as the domain of purely nomadic hunters and gatherers throughout prehistory. Las Casitas consists of fifty-three subterranean rooms and forty-eight smaller depressions aligned in three slightly arcuate tiers in a small valley adjacent to Boca de Potrerillos, an extremely large open campsite and petroglyph complex that is now an archeological park. Other features of the site are some 325 hearths that surround the depressions and a very limited artifact assemblage numbering only thirty-seven items. Two hearths produced radiocarbon samples that date site occupancy to approximately a.d. 1450, just prior to the arrival of the Spanish in the New World. Las Casitas provides the first evidence of semi-sedentary, surplus producing populations in central northeastern Mexico.

scholarly journals Activity patterns of the soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus throughout the year in southern Norway

BMC Zoology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Frafjord
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Male Song ◽  
Oceanic Climate ◽  
Social Calls ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Winter Hibernation ◽  
Small Valley ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background Most temperate bats are regular hibernators in the winter. Knowledge about the length of their active season and how they adjust their nightly activity throughout the season, is critical to conservation. The characteristics of these are likely to vary with climate as well as latitude. This study investigated the flight activity of the soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus in Frafjord, a small valley in the south-western corner of Norway (58° 50′N 6° 18′E) with an oceanic climate. Results Activity was recorded with an ultrasound recorder throughout April 2018 to June 2019 at one site, with supplemental recordings in March to June 2020, i.e., covering all months of the year. Recordings at other nearby sites were made in the summers (June–August) of 2016, 2017, 2019 and 2020, as well as some of the last days in December 2019 to the first days of January 2020. Overall, soprano pipistrelles were recorded flying in all months of the year, but very few in December–March. Regular activity was recorded from late April or early May until late October, and some recordings were also made in November. The highest numbers of recordings were made in August and September. Social calls, i.e. male song flights, were recorded from April to November, with the vast majority in August and September. Nearly all recordings were made between sunset and sunrise. Conclusions The soprano pipistrelle in this region showed regular activity through 6–7 months of the year. It adjusted its activity to the changing night length throughout the year, closely following sunset and sunrise. It was rarely recorded flying before sunset and almost never after sunrise. Most activity was recorded in the middle of the night, and social calls also followed this trend closely. Harems in late summer and autumn were confirmed in a bat box, which was also used for winter hibernation.

scholarly journals Photo-Interpretation of two Types of Rock Glacier in the Colorado Front Range, U.S.A.

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (42) ◽  
pp. 849-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel I. Outcalt ◽  
James B. Benedict
Keyword(s):  
Wall Rock ◽  
Colorado Front Range ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Floor Rock ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Photo Interpretation ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
Small Valley

AbstractTwo types of rock glacier occur in the Colorado Front Range. Rock glaciers on the floors of modern cirques closely resemble the tongues of small valley glaciers. Because they contain cores of banded glacial ice and grade up-valley into lateral moraines, rock glaciers of this type are believed to represent the debris-covered tongues of former glaciers. Most consist of two or more superimposed lobes, bounded by longitudinal furrows, and resulting from independent ice advances. Despite their compound nature, the complexes now appear to be moving down-slope as single units. Two generations of “cirque-floor” rock glaciers, both tentatively dated as being of post-Pleistocene age, occur in the Front Range.Rock glaciers of an entirely different character occur beneath steep valley walls, where they are supplied with debris by avalanche couloirs. Interstitial ice, responsible for the movement of “valley-wall” rock glaciers, probably results from the metamorphism of snow buried beneath rock-fall debris or supplied by winter avalanching.

scholarly journals Determining the extent of pressurized flow beneath Storglaciären, Sweden, using results of tracer experiments and measurements of input and output discharge

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (138) ◽  
pp. 217-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Kohler
Keyword(s):  
Open Channel ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Tracer Tests ◽  
Tracer Experiment ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Valley Glacier ◽  
Small Valley ◽  
Tracer Experiments

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted on the drainage system beneath the Lower part of the ablation zone of Storglaciären, a small valley glacier in northern Sweden. In the first experiment, over 70 tracer tests were performed in a cluster of moulins during a 1 month period, at sub-daily intervals. In the second experiment, input- and output-discharge signals were measured on the supraglacial melt stream emptying into a moulin and on the proglacial stream to which the moulin drains. The data from these two experiments are used in an idealized model of the subglacial drainage system to calculate the percentage of the system flowing as an open channel. Results from the tracer experiment suggest that the system is pressurized to within 60-340 m of the snout, while analysis of the discharge data indicates pressurized ronduits to within 0-415 m of the snout.

scholarly journals Compatible analysis of vertical and oblique ionospheric sounding data

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Krasheninnikov ◽  
J. C. Jodogne ◽  
L. F. Alberca
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Ionospheric Sounding ◽  
Small Valley

Examples are presented of the ray-tracing synthesis of multifrequency Oblique Sounding (OS) data on the Dourbes (Belgium) í Roquetes (Spain) path using electron density height profiles derived from Vertical Sounding (VS) measurements at both terminals. Comparison with the measured OS ionograms provides a means of assessing the accuracy of the VS true-height procedure POLAN. Particular attention was paid to a consideration of the E-F1 valley, that as concluded is often less deep than currently supposed, when derived using both ordinary and extraordinary components of the VS ionograms. Also, it was found that the peak of the F1 -layer should be expressed more distinctly (sometimes with a small valley between the F1 and F2 layers) though the corresponding VS ionograms may have no discontinuity in the region.

scholarly journals A comparison of different methods of evaluating glacier response characteristics: application to glacier AX010, Nepal Himalaya

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Adhikari ◽  
S. J. Marshall ◽  
P. Huybrechts
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Nepal Himalaya ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Response Behaviour ◽  
Himalayan Glaciers ◽  
Valley Glacier ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Small Valley

Abstract. Himalayan glaciers are considered to be amongst the most sensitive glaciers to climate change. However, the response behaviour of these glaciers is not well understood. Here we use several approaches to estimate characteristic timescales of glacier AX010, a small valley glacier in the Nepal Himalaya, as a measure of glacier sensitivity. Assuming that temperature solely defines the mass budget, glacier AX010 waits for about 8 yr (reaction time) to exhibit its initial terminus response to changing climate. On the other hand, it takes between 29–56 yr (volume response time) and 37–70 yr (length response time) to adjust its volume and length following the changes in mass balance conditions, respectively. A numerical ice-flow model, the only method that yields both length and volume response time, confirms that a glacier takes longer to adjust its length than its volume.

Small Valley Urban Spatial Form in Hanjiang River Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Yu Xiaohui ◽  
Yang Ruhui ◽  
Liu Bo
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Narrow Valley ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ecological Development ◽  
Southern Shaanxi ◽  
Hanjiang River ◽  
The City ◽  
Small Valley

Urban spatial form influences the social, economic, and ecological development modes of the city. The spatial form during the urbanization of Hanjiang River Basin in Southern Shaanxi needs to be studied. In this study, research methodologies on urban spatial form in China and abroad were summarized. The concept of ecology background was applied, and the research framework for urban spatial form, which integrated the background, framework, core, axis, cluster, and skin, was established. Valley cities in the Hanjiang River Basin in Southern Shaanxi were classified into wide valley, narrow valley, and canyon cities. The spatial form characteristics of these three types of valley cities were discussed. A case study based on a typical city-Yang County-was conducted to discuss the characteristics of the aforementioned six elements of urban spatial form. Finally, spatial form characteristics were summarized. These characteristics provide a basis for the study of the small valley urban spatial form in the Hanjiang River Basin in Southern Shaanxi.

Aamodt, Dammit!

2018 ◽  
pp. 32-54
Author(s):  
Eric P. Perramond
Keyword(s):  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Settlement Agreement ◽  
Small Valley

The adjudication in the Pojoaque Basin (the Aamodt case) is the longest-standing federal water case in history. This chapter incorporates the voices of local Indian and non-Indian residents who recalled the conflicts and the consequences. Adjudication in this small valley ground on for decades, pitting neighbors against each other. Long-held agreements were torn apart by identity and property definitions only to eventually be reforged by negotiations. Now resolved in a water settlement agreement, the Aamodt case illustrates how adjudication itself is not designed to reconcile the cultural and legal pluralism even in small basins like the Pojoaque. The various parties forced into the courts ultimately took negotiated terms out of state and federal hands and came to an agreement that most of the sovereign water cultures could live with, though it left the valley with some unintended consequences for current residents and water agencies to resolve.

scholarly journals State of Balance of the Ice Sheet in the Antarctic Peninsula

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. M. Doake
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Level Line ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Glacier Recession ◽  
Valley Glacier ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Small Valley

Data from ice rises on the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula can be interpreted as showing that the ice is thinning at rates of up 0.5 m a−1. However, a level line between two nunataks in Palmer Land showed no change in surface elevation over a period of 5 a. Melt rates on George VI Ice Shelf vary with position and may indicate that parts of the ice shelf are thickening at the rate of several m a−1, presumably in response to a higher accumulation rate over the peninsula a few hundred years ago. A small valley glacier, Spartan Glacier, is wasting away at about 0.27 m a−1. Ice fronts on both east and west coasts of the peninsula have been retreating for the last 30 a. It seems that there is general glacier recession in response to a wanner climate and decreased snowfall for at least the last 30 a, while parts of the peninsula are still thickening in response to a high accumulation rate several hundred years ago.

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