The Prediction of the Peak Time of People Taking School Bus Based on Martingale Process

AbstractThe pulse arrival time (PAT), the difference between the R-peak time of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and the systolic peak of photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, is an indicator that enables noninvasive and continuous blood pressure estimation. However, it is difficult to accurately measure PAT from ECG and PPG signals because they have inconsistent shapes owing to patient-specific physical characteristics, pathological conditions, and movements. Accordingly, complex preprocessing is required to estimate blood pressure based on PAT. In this paper, as an alternative solution, we propose a noninvasive continuous algorithm using the difference between ECG and PPG as a new feature that can include PAT information. The proposed algorithm is a deep CNN–LSTM-based multitasking machine learning model that outputs simultaneous prediction results of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP). We used a total of 48 patients on the PhysioNet website by splitting them into 38 patients for training and 10 patients for testing. The prediction accuracies of SBP and DBP were 0.0 ± 1.6 mmHg and 0.2 ± 1.3 mmHg, respectively. Even though the proposed model was assessed with only 10 patients, this result was satisfied with three guidelines, which are the BHS, AAMI, and IEEE standards for blood pressure measurement devices.

Download Full-text

Fermented Millet “Ibyer” Beverage Enhanced with Ginger Powder: An Assessment of Microbiological, Pasting, Proximate, and Sensorial Properties

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11073151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 3151

Author(s):

Maria Iji Adakole ◽

Akama Friday Ogori ◽

Julius Kwagh-Hal Ikya ◽

Vincent Upev ◽

Giacomo Sardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Peak Time ◽

Powder Preparation ◽

Overall Acceptability ◽

Fiber Protein ◽

Ginger Powder ◽

Pasting Temperature ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Mouth Feel ◽

And Control

A fermented millet flour called “Ibyer” traditionally available in Nigeria is increasingly being enhanced with ginger powder, of which its quality characteristics to our best knowledge appears not yet reported. To supplement existing information, therefore, the microbiological (which involved bacteria and fungi counts), pasting (which involved peak viscosity, trough, breakdown, final viscosity, set back, peak time, and pasting temperature), proximate (which involved moisture, ash, crude fat, fiber, protein, as well as carbohydrates), and sensory (which involved appearance, aroma, mouth-feel, consistency, taste, and overall acceptability) properties of fermented millet “ibyer” beverage enhanced with ginger powder were investigated. The major experimental stages included assembly of millet flour and ginger powder, preparation of blend formulation, making of “ibyer” beverage blends, and laboratory analysis. The blend involved fermented millet flour (FMF) decreasing, and ginger powder (GP) increasing, by proportions. Results showed noticeable microbiological, pasting, proximate, and sensory differences between blend samples and control. Compared to control, the blend samples obtained reduced bacterial and fungal counts, with increased peak, trough, final, set back viscosities, peak time, and pasting temperature, as well as moisture, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude protein contents, but yet, with decreased sensory appearance, aroma, mouthfeel, taste, and overall acceptability.

Download Full-text

A Dynamic Mobility Traffic Model Based on Two Modes of Transport in Smart Cities

Smart Cities ◽

10.3390/smartcities4010016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 253-270

Author(s):

Mohammed Bin Hariz ◽

Dhaou Said ◽

Hussein T. Mouftah

Keyword(s):

Data Exchange ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Time Data ◽

School Bus ◽

The Public ◽

Ride Sharing ◽

Dynamic Mobility ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Loading System ◽

Suitable Combination

This paper focuses on transportation models in smart cities. We propose a new dynamic mobility traffic (DMT) scheme which combines public buses and car ride-sharing. The main objective is to improve transportation by maximizing the riders’ satisfaction based on real-time data exchange between the regional manager, the public buses, the car ride-sharing and the riders. OpenStreetMap and OMNET++ were used to implement a realistic scenario for the proposed model in a city like Ottawa. The DMT scheme was compared to a multi-loading system used for a school bus. Simulations showed that rider satisfaction was enhanced when a suitable combination of transportation modes was used. Additionally, compared to the other scheme, this DMT scheme can reduce the stress level of car ride-sharing and public buses during the day to the minimal level.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Spatiotemporal Peak Shift of Intra-Urban Transportation Taking a Case in Bangkok, Thailand

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126777 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6777

Author(s):

Masanobu Kii ◽

Yuki Goda ◽

Varameth Vichiensan ◽

Hiroyuki Miyazaki ◽

Rolf Moeckel

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Travel Time ◽

Demand Management ◽

Likelihood Estimation ◽

Road Transport ◽

Peak Shift ◽

Time Shift ◽

Peak Time ◽

Management Scenarios ◽

The Impact

Reducing congestion has been one of the critical targets of transportation policies, particularly in cities in developing countries suffering severe and chronic traffic congestions. Several traditional measures have been in place but seem not very successful. This paper applies the agent-based transportation model MATSim for a transportation analysis in Bangkok to assess the impact of spatiotemporal transportation demand management measures. We collect required data for the simulation from various data sources and apply maximum likelihood estimation with the limited data available. We investigate two demand management scenarios, peak time shift, and decentralization. As a result, we found that these spatiotemporal peak shift measures are effective for road transport to alleviate congestion and reduce travel time. However, the effect of those measures on public transport is not uniform but depends on the users’ circumstances. On average, the simulated results indicate that those measures increase the average travel time and distance. These results suggest that demand management policies require considerations of more detailed conditions to improve usability. The study also confirms that microsimulation can be a tool for transport demand management assessment in developing countries.

Download Full-text