scholarly journals Glacier Area Change over Past 50 Years to Stable Phase in Drass Valley, Ladakh Himalaya (India)

2016 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 88-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Koul ◽  
I. M. Bahuguna ◽  
  Ajai ◽  
A. S. Rajawat ◽  
Sadiq Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Phase ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Area Change ◽  
Ladakh Himalaya

scholarly journals Greenland marine-terminating glacier area changes: 2000–2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (59) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason E. Box ◽  
David T. Decker
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Linear Least Squares ◽  
Annual Change ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Area Change ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

AbstractArea changes at 39 of the widest Greenland marine-terminating glacier outlets are measured in consecutive annual end-of-melt-season Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) scenes spanning ten annual intervals (2000–10). The rates of cumulative area change for glaciers and ice shelves are well represented by linear least-squares fits,R= –0.99 andR= –0.94, with average rates of –70 and –65km2a–1, respectively. Collectively, during this decade, the 39 glaciers lost a cumulative area of 1368 km2. More than three-quarters of the total area change occurred north of 72˚N. The largest 11-year area change for a single glacier during the survey period is the 311km2loss at Humboldt Glacier. The largest annual change for a single glacier was extreme compared with the others, where Petermann glacier retreated 17km between 3 and 5 August 2010. For the 10 year sample, on average, the count of glaciers retreating is twice that advancing. A larger distinction is evident considering area change, with the ratio of retreat and advance, on average, nine times the gain. For glaciers with ice shelves, we find no year with collective area gain. The area change data from this study are posted at:http://bprc.osu.edu/~jbox/data/GAC/

Characterization of Coherent, Ordered Precipitates in Nickel-Base Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
B. H. Kear ◽  
J. M. Oblak
Keyword(s):  
Stable Phase ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Alloy 718 ◽  
Commercial Alloy ◽  
Precipitate Morphology ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Base Superalloy ◽  
Strengthening Precipitate

A nickel-base superalloy is essentially a Ni/Cr solid solution hardened by additions of Al (Ti, Nb, etc.) to precipitate a coherent, ordered phase. In most commercial alloy systems, e.g. B-1900, IN-100 and Mar-M200, the stable precipitate is Ni3 (Al,Ti) γ′, with an LI2structure. In A lloy 901 the normal precipitate is metastable Nis Ti3 γ′ ; the stable phase is a hexagonal Do2 4 structure. In Alloy 718 the strengthening precipitate is metastable γ″, which has a body-centered tetragonal D022 structure.Precipitate MorphologyIn most systems the ordered γ′ phase forms by a continuous precipitation re-action, which gives rise to a uniform intragranular dispersion of precipitate particles. For zero γ/γ′ misfit, the γ′ precipitates assume a spheroidal.

Lorentz microscopy study of magnetic domain walls in Fe-Cr-Co alloys

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
Yalcin Belli
Keyword(s):  
Domain Walls ◽  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Ferromagnetic Phase ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Magnetic Domains ◽  
Lorentz Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Hardening ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Co Alloys

Fe-Cr-Co alloys have great technological potential to replace Alnico alloys as hard magnets. The relationship between the microstructures and the magnetic properties has been recently established for some of these alloys. The magnetic hardening has been attributed to the decomposition of the high temperature stable phase (α) into an elongated Fe-rich ferromagnetic phase (α1) and a weakly magnetic or non-magnetic Cr-rich phase (α2). The relationships between magnetic domains and domain walls and these different phases are yet to be understood. The TEM has been used to ascertain the mechanism of magnetic hardening for the first time in these alloys. The present paper describes the magnetic domain structure and the magnetization reversal processes in some of these multiphase materials. Microstructures to change properties resulting from, (i) isothermal aging, (ii) thermomagnetic treatment (TMT) and (iii) TMT + stepaging have been chosen for this investigation. The Jem-7A and Philips EM-301 transmission electron microscopes operating at 100 kV have been used for the Lorentz microscopy study of the magnetic domains and their interactions with the finely dispersed precipitate phases.

Can the mass balance of the entire glacier area of the Tien Shan be estimated?

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
M.B. Dyurgerov ◽  
M.G. Kunakhovitch ◽  
V.N. Mikhalenko ◽  
A. M. Sokalskaya ◽  
V. A. Kuzmichenok
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Exponential Dependence ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Equilibrium Line Altitude ◽  
Boundary Area

The total area of glacierization of the Tien Shan in the boundary area of the USSR is about 8000 km2. The computation of mass balance was determined for this area in 12 river basins.In computation procedure, the vertical profile of snow accumulation in these regions and exponential dependence of variation of ablation with altitude are used. Thus the mass balance in each basin, bn, was calculated on the basis of these curves and represented in its relation with the equilibrium line altitude (ELA). It is shown that the relation ELA = f(bn) is linear when the range of bn values is close to zero, and in all altitude intervals this relation can be described by hypsographic curves, in all basins bn positive up to an ELA elevation of 3450 to 3500 m a.s.l. For average annual altitude of ELA, bn is negative for all regions. So the glaciers of these mountains add about 4 km3 of water to the total annual runoff.

A high-resolution area-change-based capacitive MEMS tilt sensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 313 ◽  
pp. 112191
Author(s):  
Kang Rao ◽  
Huafeng Liu ◽  
Xiaoli Wei ◽  
Wenjie Wu ◽  
Chenyuan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Area Change ◽  
Tilt Sensor ◽  
Capacitive Mems

Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) via Reactive Sintering

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1159-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Jun Zhang ◽  
Wen Wen Wu ◽  
Yan Mei Kan ◽  
Pei Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Reactive Sintering ◽  
Dissociation Temperature ◽  
Monolithic Ceramics

Current high temperature ceramics, such as ZrO2, Si3N4 and SiC, cannot be used at temperatures over 1600°C due to their low melting temperature or dissociation temperature. For ultrahigh temperature applications over 1800°C, materials with high melting points, high phase composition stability, high thermal conductivity, good thermal shock and oxidation resistance are needed. The transition metal diborides, mainly include ZrB2 and HfB2, have melting temperatures of above 3000°C, and can basically meet the above demands. However, the oxidation resistance of diboride monolithic ceramics at ultra-high temperatures need to be improved for the applications in thermal protection systems for future aerospace vehicles and jet engines. On the other hand, processing science for making high performance UHTCs is another hot topic in the UHTC field. Densification of UHTCs at mild temperatures through reactive sintering is an attracting way due to the chemically stable phase composition and microstructure as well as clean grain boundaries in the obtained materials. Moreover, the stability studies of the materials in phase composition and microstructures at ultra high application temperatures is also critical for materials manufactured at relatively low temperature. Furthermore, the oxidation resistance in simulated reentry environments instead of in static or flowing air of ambient pressure should be evaluated. Here we will report the concept, advantages and some recent progress on the reactive sintering of diboride–based composites at mild temperatures.

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