scholarly journals Phenazine Methosulphate Modulating the Expression of Genes Involved in Yeast to Hyphal Form Signal Transduction in <i>Candida albicans</i>

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (11) ◽  
pp. 707-718
Author(s):  
Ashwini Khanderao Jadhav ◽  
Priyanka Jangid ◽  
Rajendra Patil ◽  
Wasudev Gade ◽  
Kiran Kharat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Phenazine Methosulphate

scholarly journals Transcriptome changes reveal the genetic mechanisms of the reproductive plasticity of workers in lower termites

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxu Ye ◽  
Humaira Rasheed ◽  
Yuehua Ran ◽  
Xiaojuan Yang ◽  
Lianxi Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Ecological Success ◽  
Reproductive Plasticity

Abstract Background The reproductive plasticity of termite workers provides colonies with tremendous flexibility to respond to environmental changes, which is the basis for evolutionary and ecological success. Although it is known that all colony members share the same genetic background and that differences in castes are caused by differences in gene expression, the pattern of the specific expression of genes involved in the differentiation of workers into reproductives remains unclear. In this study, the isolated workers of Reticulitermes labralis developed into reproductives, and then comparative transcriptomes were used for the first time to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the reproductive plasticity of workers. Results We identified 38,070 differentially expressed genes and found a pattern of gene expression involved in the differentiation of the workers into reproductives. 12, 543 genes were specifically upregulated in the isolated workers. Twenty-five signal transduction pathways classified into environmental information processing were related to the differentiation of workers into reproductives. Ras functions as a signalling switch regulates the reproductive plasticity of workers. The catalase gene which is related to longevity was up-regulated in reproductives. Conclusion We demonstrate that workers leaving the natal colony can induce the expression of stage-specific genes in the workers, which leads to the differentiation of workers into reproductives and suggests that the signal transduction along the Ras-MAPK pathway crucially controls the reproductive plasticity of the workers. This study also provides an important model for revealing the molecular mechanism of longevity changes.

scholarly journals Mds3 Regulates Morphogenesis in Candida albicans through the TOR Pathway

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (14) ◽  
pp. 3695-3710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia F. Zacchi ◽  
Jonatan Gomez-Raja ◽  
Dana A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Ph Sensing ◽  
Tor Pathway ◽  
Preferential Expression ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Morphological Defects

ABSTRACT The success of Candida albicans as a major human fungal pathogen is dependent on its ability to colonize and survive as a commensal on diverse mucosal surfaces. One trait required for survival and virulence in the host is the morphogenetic yeast-to-hypha transition. Mds3 was identified as a regulator of pH-dependent morphogenesis that functions in parallel with the classic Rim101 pH-sensing pathway. Microarray analyses revealed that mds3Δ/Δ cells had an expression profile indicative of a hyperactive TOR pathway, including the preferential expression of genes encoding ribosomal proteins and a decreased expression of genes involved in nitrogen source utilization. The transcriptional and morphological defects of the mds3Δ/Δ mutant were rescued by rapamycin, an inhibitor of TOR, and this rescue was lost in strains carrying the rapamycin-resistant TOR1-1 allele or an rbp1Δ/Δ deletion. Rapamycin also rescued the transcriptional and morphological defects associated with the loss of Sit4, a TOR pathway effector, but not the loss of Rim101 or Ras1. The sit4Δ/Δ and mds3Δ/Δ mutants had additional phenotypic similarities, suggesting that Sit4 and Mds3 function similarly in the TOR pathway. Finally, we found that Mds3 and Sit4 coimmunoprecipitate. Thus, Mds3 is a new member of the TOR pathway that contributes to morphogenesis in C. albicans as a regulator of this key morphogenetic pathway.

Signal Transduction and Morphogenesis in Candida albicans

2007 ◽  
pp. 167-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. P. Brown ◽  
S. Argimón ◽  
N. A. R. Gow
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Candida Albicans

Phytochrome signal-transduction: characterization of pathways and isolation of mutants

1995 ◽  
Vol 350 (1331) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression ◽  
Dependent Pathway

The study of phytochrome signalling has yielded a wealth of data describing both the perception of light by the receptor, and the terminal steps in phytochrome-regulated gene expression by a number of transcription factors. We are now focusing on establishing the intervening steps linking phytochrome photoactivation to gene expression, and the regulation and interactions of these signalling pathways. Recent work has utilized both a pharmacological approach in phototrophic soybean suspension cultures and microinjection techniques in tomato to establish three distinct phytochrome signal-transduction pathways: (i) a calcium-dependent pathway that regulates the expression of genes encoding the chlorophyll a/b binding protein ( CAB ) and other components of photosystem II; (ii) a cGMP-dependent pathway that regulates the expression of the gene encoding chalcone synthase ( CHS ) and the production of anthocyanin pigments; and (iii) a pathway dependent upon both calcium and cGMP that regulates the expression of genes encoding components of photosystem I and is necessary for the production of mature chloroplasts. To study the components and the regulation of phytochrome signal-transduction pathways, mutants with altered photomorphogenic responses have been isolated by a number of laboratories. However, with several possible exceptions, little real progress has been made towards the isolation of mutants in positive regulatory elements of the phytochrome signal-transduction pathway. We have characterized a novel phytochrome A (phyA)-mediated far-red light (FR) response in Arabidopsis seedlings which we are currently using to screen for specific phyA signal-transduction mutants.

scholarly journals A G-protein alpha subunit from asexual Candida albicans functions in the mating signal transduction pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is regulated by the a1-alpha 2 repressor.

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1977-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Sadhu ◽  
D Hoekstra ◽  
M J McEachern ◽  
S I Reed ◽  
J B Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Alpha Subunit ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
G Protein Alpha Subunit ◽  
Protein Alpha Subunit ◽  
Null Mutants

We have isolated a gene, designated CAG1, from Candida albicans by using the G-protein alpha-subunit clone SCG1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a probe. Amino acid sequence comparison revealed that CAG1 is more homologous to SCG1 than to any other G protein reported so far. Homology between CAG1 and SCG1 not only includes the conserved guanine nucleotide binding domains but also spans the normally variable regions which are thought to be involved in interaction with the components of the specific signal transduction pathway. Furthermore, CAG1 contains a central domain, previously found only in SCG1. cag1 null mutants of C. albicans created by gene disruption produced no readily detectable phenotype. The C. albicans CAG1 gene complemented both the growth and mating defects of S. cerevisiae scg1 null mutants when carried on either a low- or high-copy-number plasmid. In diploid C. albicans, the CAG1 transcript was readily detectable in mycelial and yeast cells of both the white and opaque forms. However, the CAG1-specific transcript in S. cerevisiae transformants containing the C. albicans CAG1 gene was observed only in haploid cells. This transcription pattern matches that of SCG1 in S. cerevisiae and is caused by a1-alpha 2 mediated repression in diploid cells. That is, CAG1 behaves as a haploid-specific gene in S. cerevisiae, subject to control by the a1-alpha 2 mating-type regulation pathway. We infer from these results that C. albicans may have a signal transduction system analogous to that controlling mating type in S. cerevisiae or possibly even a sexual pathway that has so far remained undetected.

Gene Expression Profiling in AML and MDS Identifies Genes Located on 5q Which Are Consistently Lower Expressed in Cases with 5q Deletion as Compared to Cases with Normal Karyotype.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 549-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Schoch ◽  
Alexander Kohlmann ◽  
Wolfgang Kern ◽  
Sylvia Merk ◽  
Wolfgang Hiddemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
5Q Deletion

Abstract Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 5 occur either as the sole karyotype abnormality in MDS and AML or as part of a complex aberrant karyotype. It was the aim of this study to analyze the impact of the 5q deletion on the expression levels of genes located on chromosome 5q in AML and MDS. Therefore, gene expression analysis was performed in 344 AML and MDS cases using Affymetrix U133A+B oligonucleotide microarrays. The following subgroups were analyzed: AML with sole 5q deletion (n=7), AML with complex aberrant karyotype (n=83), MDS with sole 5q deletion (n=9), and MDS with complex aberrant karyotype (n=9). These were compared to 200 AML and 36 MDS with normal karyotype. In total, 1313 probe sets representing 603 genes cover sequences located on the long arm of chromosome 5. Overall a significant lower mean expression of all genes located on the long arm of chromosome 5 was observed in subgroups with 5q deletion in comparison to their respective control groups (for all comparisons, p&lt;0.05). 36 genes showed a significantly lower expression in all comparisons. These genes are involved in a variety of different biological processes such as signal transduction (CSNK1A1, DAMS), cell cycle regulation (HDAC3, PFDN1) and regulation of transcription (CNOT8). In addition we performed class prediction using support vector machines (SVM). In one approach all 6 different subgroups were analyzed as one class each. While AML and MDS with normal karyotype as well as AML with complex aberrant karyotype were correctly predicted with high accuracies (97%, 81%, and 92%, respectively) AML and MDS with 5q- sole and MDS with complex aberrant karyotype were frequently misclassified as AML with complex aberrant karyotype. In a second approach only two classes were defined: all cases with 5q deletion combined vs. all cases without 5q deletion. 102 out of 108 cases (94%) with 5q deletion were identified correctly supporting the fact that a distinct gene expression pattern is associated with 5q deletion in general. Performing SVM only with genes located on the long arm of chromosome 5 also resulted in a correct prediction of 92 of 108 (85%) stressing the importance of the expression of genes located on chromosome 5 for these AML and MDS subtypes. The top 100 differentially expressed probe sets between cases with and without 5q deletion represented 74 different annotated genes of which 23 are located on the long arm of chromosome 5. They are involved in a variety of different biological functions such as DNA repair (POLE, RAD21, RAD23B), regulation of transcription (ZNF75A, AF020591, MLLT3, HOXB6), protein biosynthesis (UPF2, TINP1, RPL12, RPL14, RPL15) cell cycle control (GMNN, CSPG6, PFDN1) and signal transduction (HINT1, STK24, APP, CAMLG). 10 of the top 74 genes associated with 5q deletion were involved in the CMYC-pathway with upregulation of RAD21, RAD23B, GMMN, CSPG6, APP, POLE STK24 and STAG2, and downregulation of ACTA2, and RPL12. Ten other genes out of the 74 top differentially expressed genes were involved in the TP53 pathway with upregulation of H1F0, PTPN11 and TAF2 and downregulation of DF, UBE2D2, EEF1A1, IGBP1, PPP2CA, EIF2S3, and NACA. In conclusion, loss of parts of the long arm of chromosome 5 leads to a lower expression of genes located on the long arm of chromosome 5. A specific pattern of functionally related genes was identified which shows a lower expression in AML and MDS subtypes with 5q deletion.

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