scholarly journals Comparative Human Landing Catch and CDC Light Trap in Mosquito Sampling in Knowlesi Malaria Endemic Areas in Peninsula Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rohani ◽  
Abd Rahman Aidil Azahary ◽  
Mohamed Nor Zurainee ◽  
Wan Mohd Ali Wan Najdah ◽  
Ismail Zamree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Trap ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Cdc Light Trap ◽  
Mosquito Sampling ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Endemic Areas

Relationship to human biting collections and influence of light and bednet in CDC light-trap catches of West African malaria vectors

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Costantini ◽  
N.F. Sagnon ◽  
E. Sanogo ◽  
L. Merzagora ◽  
M. Coluzzi
Keyword(s):  
Light Trap ◽  
West African ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Mosquito Net ◽  
Cdc Light Trap ◽  
Incandescent Bulb ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractThe efficiency of miniature CDC light-traps in catching West African malaria vectors was evaluated during two rainy seasons in a village near Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Traps were employed both indoors and outdoors using human baits protected by an insecticide-free mosquito-net and different sources of light. Indoors, light from incandescent bulbs increased the catch of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (mainly A. arabiensis Patton and the Mopti chromosomal form of A. gambiae s.s. Giles) and A. funestus Giles c. 2.5 times as compared to traps whose light bulb was removed. Conversely, the difference was not significant when a UV ‘Blacklight-blue’ fluorescent tube was compared to the incandescent bulb. Protecting the bait with a mosquito-net increased the catch c. 3 times for A. gambiae s.l. and c. 3.5 times for A. funestus. A prototype model of double bednet gave intermediate yields. Outdoors, the addition of incandescent bulbs to unlighted traps did not significantly increase the number of vectors caught, but the addition of the mosquito-net to the unprotected human bait did so by c. 1.5–4 times. Thus, the CDC light-trap hung close to a human sleeping under a bednet and fitted with an incandescent bulb, was considered the most practical and efficient in terms of numbers of vectors caught, consequently its indoor efficiency was compared to human landing catches on single collectors and estimated to be 1.08 times and density-independent. Outdoor light-trap catches were either not significantly correlated to biting collections (as for A. gambiae s.l.), or density-dependent in their efficiency (as for A. funestus); thus, they were not considered a reliable means for estimating malaria vector outdoor biting densities in this area. No difference was found in the parous rate of A. gambiae s.l. samples obtained with CDC light-traps and human landing collections.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mosquito Magnet and other collection tools for Anopheles mosquito vectors of simian malaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nantha Kumar Jeyaprakasam ◽  
Sandthya Pramasivan ◽  
Jonathan Wee Kent Liew ◽  
Lun Van Low ◽  
Wan-Yusoff Wan-Sulaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Trap ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Cdc Light Trap ◽  
Simian Malaria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Vector surveillance is essential in determining the geographical distribution of mosquito vectors and understanding the dynamics of malaria transmission. With the elimination of human malaria cases, knowlesi malaria cases in humans are increasing in Malaysia. This necessitates intensive vector studies using safer trapping methods which are both field efficient and able to attract the local vector populations. Thus, this study evaluated the potential of Mosquito Magnet as a collection tool for Anopheles mosquito vectors of simian malaria along with other known collection methods. Methods A randomized 4 × 4 Latin square designed experiment was conducted to compare the efficiency of the Mosquito Magnet against three other common trapping methods: human landing catch (HLC), CDC light trap and human baited trap (HBT). The experiment was conducted over six replicates where sampling within each replicate was carried out for 4 consecutive nights. An additional 4 nights of sampling was used to further evaluate the Mosquito Magnet against the “gold standard” HLC. The abundance of Anopheles sampled by different methods was compared and evaluated with focus on the Anopheles from the Leucosphyrus group, the vectors of knowlesi malaria. Results The Latin square designed experiment showed HLC caught the greatest number of Anopheles mosquitoes (n = 321) compared to the HBT (n = 87), Mosquito Magnet (n = 58) and CDC light trap (n = 13). The GLMM analysis showed that the HLC method caught significantly more Anopheles mosquitoes compared to Mosquito Magnet (P = 0.049). However, there was no significant difference in mean nightly catch of Anopheles mosquitoes between Mosquito Magnet and the other two trapping methods, HBT (P = 0.646) and CDC light traps (P = 0.197). The mean nightly catch for both An. introlatus (9.33 ± 4.341) and An. cracens (4.00 ± 2.273) caught using HLC was higher than that of Mosquito Magnet, though the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). This is in contrast to the mean nightly catch of An. sinensis (15.75 ± 5.640) and An. maculatus (15.78 ± 3.479) where HLC showed significantly more mosquito catches compared to Mosquito Magnet (P < 0.05). Conclusions Mosquito Magnet has a promising ability to catch An. introlatus and An. cracens, the important vectors of knowlesi and other simian malarias in Peninsular Malaysia. The ability of Mosquito Magnet to catch some of the Anopheles mosquito species is comparable to HLC and makes it an ethical and safer alternative. Graphic Abstract

The Centres for Disease Control Light Trap (CDC LT) and The Human Decoy Trap (HDT) Compared to The Human Landing Catch (HLC) for Measuring Anopheles Biting in Rural Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Haggai Namango ◽  
Carly Marshall ◽  
Adam Saddler ◽  
Amanda Ross ◽  
David Kaftan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Rural Tanzania ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Control Light

Abstract BackgroundThe intensity of vector mosquito biting is an important measure for malaria epidemiology and control. The human landing catch (HLC) is an effective entomological surveillance tool, but is labour-intensive, expensive and raises safety issues. The Centres for Disease Control light trap (CDC LT) and the human decoy trap (HDT) are less costly and exposure-free alternatives. This study compared the CDC LT and HDT against the HLC for measuring Anopheles (An.) biting in rural Tanzania and assessed their suitability as HLC proxies.MethodsIndoor mosquito surveys using HLC and CDC LT and outdoor surveys using HLC and HDT were conducted in 2017 and in 2019 in Ulanga, Tanzania in 19 villages, with one trap per house per night. Species composition, sporozoite rates and the numbers of mosquitoes caught by different trap types were compared. Aggregating the data by village and month, the Bland-Altman approach was used to assess agreement. ResultsOverall, 66,807 Anopheles funestus and 14,606 An. arabiensis adult females were caught from 6,013 CDC LT, 339 indoor HLC, 136 HDT and 195 outdoor HLC collections. Overall, the CDC LT caught fewer malaria vectors than indoor HLC: An. arabiensis (Adjusted rate ratio (Adj.RR) =0.35 (95% confidence interval (CI):0.27-0.46)) and An. funestus (Adj.RR=0.63(95%CI:0.51-0.79)). HDT caught fewer malaria vectors than outdoor HLC: An. arabiensis (Adj.RR=0.04(95%CI:0.01-0.14)) and An. funestus (Adj.RR=0.10(95%CI:0.07-0.15)). The bias and variability of the ratios of geometric mean mosquitoes caught by CDC LT and HDT relative to HLC collections for the same village-month were dependent on mosquito densities. The relative efficacies of both CDC LT and HDT declined with mosquito abundance. The variability in the ratios was substantial for low HLC counts and decreased as mosquito abundance increased. CDCLT caught a higher proportion of infected An. arabiensis and An. funestus than HLC, and HDT caught no infected mosquitoes.ConclusionsIf caution is taken in appreciation of its limitations, the CDC LT is suitable for use in routine entomological surveys and may be preferable for measuring sporozoite rates for Afrotropical mosquitoes. Use of HLC is useful to estimate human exposure to mosquitoes for estimating Entomological Inoculation Rate (EIR). The present design of the HDT is not amenable for use to conduct large-scale entomological surveys.

scholarly journals Towards Safer and More Sustainable Systems for Monitoring Exophagic Vectors of Malaria in Western Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Onyango Abong'o ◽  
John E. Gimnig ◽  
Bradley Longman ◽  
Tobias Odongo ◽  
Celestine Wekesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Cdc Light Trap ◽  
Outdoor Biting ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction. Longitudinal monitoring of outdoor-biting malaria vector populations is becoming increasingly important in understanding the dynamics of residual malaria transmission. However, the human landing catch (HLC), the gold standard for measuring human biting rates indoors and outdoors, is costly and raises ethical concerns related to increased risk of infective bites among collectors. Consequently, routine data on outdoor-feeding mosquito populations are usually limited due to the lack of a scalable tool with similar sensitivity to outdoor HLC. Methodology. The Anopheles trapping sensitivity of four baited proxy outdoor trapping methods—Furvela tent trap (FTT), host decoy trap (HDT), mosquito electrocuting traps (MET) and outdoor CDC light traps (OLT)—was assessed relative to HLC in a 5x5 replicated Latin square conducted over 25 nights in two villages of western Kenya. Indoor CDC light trap (ILT) was run in one house in each of the compounds with outdoor traps, while additional non-Latin square indoor and outdoor HLC collections were performed in one of the study villages. Results. The MET, FTT, HDT and OLT sampled approximately 4.67, 7.58, 5.69 and 1.98 times more An. arabiensis compared to HLC, respectively, in Kakola Ombaka. Only FTT was more sensitive relative to HLC in sampling of An. funestus in Kakola Ombaka (RR=5.59, 95%CI: 2.49-12.55, P < 0.001) and Masogo (RR=4.38, 95%CI: 1.62-11.80, P = 0.004) and in sampling An. arabiensis in Masogo (RR=5.37, 95%CI: 2.17-13.24, P < 0.001). OLT sampled significantly higher numbers of An. coustani in Kakola Ombaka (RR=3.03, 95%CI: 1.65-5.56, P < 0.001) and Masogo (RR=2.88, 95%CI: 1.15-7.22, P=0.02) compared to HLC. OLT, HLC and MET sampled mostly An. coustani, FTT had similar proportions of An. funestus and An. arabiensis, while HDT sampled predominantly An. arabiensis in both villages. FTT showed close correlation with ILT in vector abundance for all three species at both collection sites. Conclusion. FTT and OLT are simple, easily scalable traps and are potential replacements for HLC in outdoor sampling of Anopheles mosquitoes. However, the FTT closely mirrored indoor CDC light trap in mosquito indices and therefore may be more of an indoor mimic than a true outdoor collection tool. HDT and MET show potential for sampling outdoor host seeking mosquitoes. However, the traps as currently designed may not be feasible for large scale, longitudinal entomological monitoring. Therefore, the baited outdoor CDC light trap may be the most appropriate tool currently available for assessment of outdoor-biting and malaria transmission risk.

scholarly journals Comparison of four outdoor mosquito trapping methods as potential replacements for human landing catches in western Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Abong’o ◽  
John E. Gimnig ◽  
Bradley Longman ◽  
Tobias Odongo ◽  
Celestine Wekesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Cdc Light Trap ◽  
Outdoor Biting ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Trapping Methods

Abstract Introduction Longitudinal monitoring of outdoor-biting malaria vector populations is becoming increasingly important in understanding the dynamics of residual malaria transmission. However, the human landing catch (HLC), the gold standard for measuring human biting rates indoors and outdoors, is costly and raises ethical concerns related to increased risk of infectious bites among collectors. Consequently, routine data on outdoor-feeding mosquito populations are usually limited because of the lack of a scalable tool with similar sensitivity to outdoor HLC. Methodology The Anopheles trapping sensitivity of four baited proxy outdoor trapping methods—Furvela tent trap (FTT), host decoy trap (HDT), mosquito electrocuting traps (MET) and outdoor CDC light traps (OLT)—was assessed relative to HLC in a 5 × 5 replicated Latin square conducted over 25 nights in two villages of western Kenya. Indoor CDC light trap (ILT) was run in one house in each of the compounds with outdoor traps, while additional non-Latin square indoor and outdoor HLC collections were performed in one of the study villages. Results The MET, FTT, HDT and OLT sampled approximately 4.67, 7.58, 5.69 and 1.98 times more An. arabiensis compared to HLC, respectively, in Kakola Ombaka. Only FTT was more sensitive relative to HLC in sampling An. funestus in Kakola Ombaka (RR = 5.59, 95% CI 2.49–12.55, P < 0.001) and Masogo (RR = 4.38, 95% CI 1.62–11.80, P = 0.004) and in sampling An. arabiensis in Masogo (RR = 5.37, 95% CI 2.17–13.24, P < 0.001). OLT sampled significantly higher numbers of An. coustani in Kakola Ombaka (RR = 3.03, 95% CI 1.65–5.56, P < 0.001) and Masogo (RR = 2.88, 95% CI 1.15–7.22, P = 0.02) compared to HLC. OLT, HLC and MET sampled mostly An. coustani, FTT had similar proportions of An. funestus and An. arabiensis, while HDT sampled predominantly An. arabiensis in both villages. FTT showed close correlation with ILT in vector abundance for all three species at both collection sites. Conclusion FTT and OLT are simple, easily scalable traps and are potential replacements for HLC in outdoor sampling of Anopheles mosquitoes. However, the FTT closely mirrored indoor CDC light trap in mosquito indices and therefore may be more of an indoor mimic than a true outdoor collection tool. HDT and MET show potential for sampling outdoor host-seeking mosquitoes. However, the traps as currently designed may not be feasible for large-scale, longitudinal entomological monitoring. Therefore, the baited outdoor CDC light trap may be the most appropriate tool currently available for assessment of outdoor-biting and malaria transmission risk. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Comparison between anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) caught using different methods in a malaria endemic area of Papua New Guinea

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L.K. Hii ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
A. Mai ◽  
E. Ibam ◽  
M.P. Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Mosquito Sampling ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

AbstractThe mosquito sampling efficiency of CDC (Centers for Disease Control) miniature light traps hung adjacent to mosquito nets, was compared with that of both indoor and outdoor human-bait collections in ten villages in the Wosera area of Papua New Guinea. The most frequently collected anopheline in the matched indoor and light trap samples was Anopheles koliensis Owen, followed by A. punctulatusDönitz, A. karwari (James), A. farauti Laveran (sensu lato), A. longirostris Brug and A. bancroftii Giles. All species were much less frequent in the light traps than in landing catches. The hypothesis that the numbers of mosquitoes in light traps are proportional to human landing catches was examined using regression models that allowed for sampling error in both entomological measurements. Light traps under-sampled A. punctulatus and A. farautis.l. at high densities. The models indicated that the ratio of light trap to landing catch females of A. koliensis and A. karwari increased with increasing mosquito density. Light trap catches of A. longirostris were proportional to indoor landing rates but when outdoor landing rates were high this species was under-sampled by light traps. Numbers of A. bancroftii in light traps were found to be proportional to those in outdoor landing catches, but were negatively related to those attempting to bite indoors. Circumsporozoite positivity rates for both Plasmodium falciparum Welch and P. vivax (Grassi & Feletti) in A. punctulatus and A. farauti s.l. were significantly higher in light trap collections than in either indoor or outdoor landing catches, suggesting that light traps may selectively sample older mosquitoes of these species.

scholarly journals Filariasis Control in Coastal Nigeria: Predictive Significance of Baseline Entomological Indices of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel C. Uttah ◽  
Dominic Ibe ◽  
Gloria N. Wokem
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.L

This work aimed at collecting filariasis transmission data of Anopheles gambiae to be used in predicting future trends in filariasis transmission and control programme outcomes. Collection of the mosquitoes was made by human landing catch and light trap methods. In all, 5,813 females were caught from September 2005 to August 2006. Mosquito population started to expand at the onset of the rains. The highest density was found after peak temperature. The A. gambiae s.l. biting peaked around midnight; 39.7% were parous and 0.3% were infective. The highest percentage of parous females caught was near midnight, ranging between 42.0% and 47.5% from 22.00 to 03.00 hours. Biting rate in the rainy season was 2.6 times higher than it in the dry season. Transmission potential was 3.6 times higher during the rains than during the dry season. The percentage infectivity was relatively high (13.2%) in June, corresponding to 8.8 infective bites per person per month. All infective A. gambiae, were caught between 22.00 and 03.00 hours. The average load of L3 larvae per infective A. gambiae was 1.4 L3/mosquito. The monthly transmission potential calculated for each month indicated that transmission was ongoing for most of the months of the year, especially in the rainy season.

scholarly journals New Records of Anopheles benarrochi B (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malaria Hotspots in the Amazon Regions of Ecuador and Peru

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Morales Viteri ◽  
Manuela Herrera-Varela ◽  
Maribel Albuja ◽  
Cristina Quiroga ◽  
Gloria Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
New Records ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
First Time

Abstract The increase in malaria transmission in the Amazon region motivated vector control units of the Ministry of Health of Ecuador and Peru to investigate Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) species present in transmission hotspots. Mosquitoes were collected using prokopack aspirators and CDC light traps (Ecuador) and human landing catch in Peru. In Ecuador, 84 Anopheles were captured from Pastaza, Morona Santiago, and Orellana provinces and identified morphologically [An. (An.) apicimacula Dyar and Knab, An. (Nys.) near benarrochi, An. (Nys.) near oswaldoi, An. (Nys.) near strodei, An. (An.) nimbus (Theobald, 1902), and An. (Nyssorhynchus) sp.]. In Peru, 1,150 Anopheles were collected in Andoas District. A subsample of 166 specimens was stored under silica and identified as An. near oswaldoi, An. darlingi, and An. (An.) mattogrossensis Lutz and Neiva. COI barcode region sequences were obtained for 137 adults (107 from Peru, 30 from Ecuador) identified by ITS2 PCR-RFLP as An. benarrochi Gabaldon, Cova Garcia, and Lopez and retained in the final analysis. Haplotypes from the present study plus An. benarrochi B GenBank sequences grouped separately from Brazilian An. benarrochi GenBank sequences by 44 mutation steps, indicating that the present study specimens were An. benarrochi B. Our findings confirm the presence of An. benarrochi B in Ecuador and reported here for the first time from the Amazonian provinces of Orellana and Morona Santiago. Furthermore, we confirm that the species collected in Andoas District in the Datem del Maranon Province, Peru, is An. benarrochi B, and we observed that it is highly anthropophilic. Overall, the known distribution of An. benarrochi B has been extended and includes southern Colombia, much of Peru and eastern Ecuador.

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