scholarly journals Shallow Seismic Refraction, Two-Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Imaging, and Ground Penetrating Radar for Imaging the Ancient Monuments at the Western Shore of Old Luxor City, Egypt

2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed I. Selim ◽  
Alhussein A. Basheer ◽  
Gad Elqady ◽  
Mahfooz A. Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Resistivity Imaging ◽  
Shallow Seismic ◽  
Western Shore ◽  
Ancient Monuments ◽  
Ground Penetrating

scholarly journals Shallow Geophysical Techniques to Investigate the Groundwater Table at the Giza Pyramids Area, Giza, Egypt

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharafeldin M. Sharafeldin ◽  
Khalid S. Essa ◽  
Mohamed A. S. Youssef ◽  
Zein E. Diab
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽  
Shallow Seismic ◽  
Geophysical Techniques ◽  
Electrical Resistivities ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Abstract. Geophysical studies were performed along selected locations across the Pyramids Plateau to investigate the groundwater table and the near aquifer, which harmfully affected the existed monuments of the Giza Pyramids and Sphinx. Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI), Shallow Seismic Refraction (SSR) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) techniques were carried out along selected profiles in the plateau. Ten ERI, twenty six SSR and nineteen GPR profiles were performed at the sites. The ERI survey shows that, the groundwater table is at elevations varying from 13 to 18 m above the sea level (asl) and low resistivity values near the surface at the Great Sphinx. ERI profiles, which were applied southeast of the Middle Pyramid (Khafre), show high resistivity values near the surface, and water table is located at elevations ranging from 22 to 40 m asl, while the ERI profiles conducted south of Menkaure, show almost high resistivity near the surface. The groundwater table is located at elevations ranging between 45 and 58 m asl. The aquifer layer shows electrical resistivities ranging between 10 and 50 Ohm.m. The considerable high change in the groundwater table is due to the rapid increases of topography from the Great Sphinx towards the Small Pyramids (Menkaure), where this part looks-like a scarp. The SSR Survey is transmitted to know the different velocities and types of the layers, which can help in knowing the saturated layers in the area. The GPR Survey is performed to delineate the water table, which gives good matching with the ERI results.

scholarly journals Imaging tropical peatlands in Indonesia using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI): implications for carbon stock estimates and peat soil characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2995-3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Comas ◽  
N. Terry ◽  
L. Slater ◽  
M. Warren ◽  
R. Kolka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽  
Resistivity Imaging ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Tropical Peatlands ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Soil Interface

Abstract. Current estimates of carbon (C) storage in peatland systems worldwide indicate that tropical peatlands comprise about 15% of the global peat carbon pool. Such estimates are uncertain due to data gaps regarding organic peat soil thickness, volume and C content. We combined a set of indirect geophysical methods (ground-penetrating radar, GPR, and electrical resistivity imaging, ERI) with direct observations using core sampling and C analysis to determine how geophysical imaging may enhance traditional coring methods for estimating peat thickness and C storage in a tropical peatland system in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Both GPR and ERI methods demonstrated their capability to estimate peat thickness in tropical peat soils at a spatial resolution not feasible with traditional coring methods. GPR is able to capture peat thickness variability at centimeter-scale vertical resolution, although peat thickness determination was difficult for peat columns exceeding 5 m in the areas studied, due to signal attenuation associated with thick clay-rich transitional horizons at the peat–mineral soil interface. ERI methods were more successful for imaging deeper peatlands with thick organomineral layers between peat and underlying mineral soil. Results obtained using GPR methods indicate less than 3% variation in peat thickness (when compared to coring methods) over low peat–mineral soil interface gradients (i.e., below 0.02°) and show substantial impacts in C storage estimates (i.e., up to 37 MgC ha−1 even for transects showing a difference between GPR and coring estimates of 0.07 m in average peat thickness). The geophysical data also provide information on peat matrix attributes such as thickness of organomineral horizons between peat and underlying substrate, the presence of buried wood, buttressed trees or tip-up pools and soil type. The use of GPR and ERI methods to image peat profiles at high resolution can be used to further constrain quantification of peat C pools and inform responsible peatland management in Indonesia and elsewhere in the tropics.

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