scholarly journals Effect of Copper (II) Ions on Quality of Struvite Produced in Continuous Reaction Crystallization Process at the Magnesium Ions Excess

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hutnik ◽  
Boguslawa Wierzbowska ◽  
Krzysztof Piotrowski ◽  
Andrzej Matynia
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Continuous Reaction ◽  
Effect Of Copper

scholarly journals Struvite recovery from solution containing phosphate(V) and sulphate(VI) ions

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hutnik ◽  
Anna Kozik ◽  
Krzysztof Piotrowski ◽  
Andrzej Matynia
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Mean Residence Time ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Internal Circulation ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Type Crystallizer

AbstractThe research results concerning the application of magnesium and ammonium ions for continuous removal of phosphate(V) ions from solution containing 1.0 or 0.20 mass% of PO43– and from 0.10 to 0.50 mass% of SO42– are presented. A continuous struvite MgNH4PO4 × 6H2O reaction crystallization process was carried out both under stoichiometric conditions and using 20% excess of magnesium ions. The research was conducted in a DT MSMPR type crystallizer with internal circulation of suspension driven by a propeller stirrer, in constant temperature 298 K. The pH varied from 9 to 11 and mean residence time of suspension in a crystallizer τ varied from 900 to 3600 s. It was concluded, that sulphate(VI) ions influenced product quality disadvantageously. Depending on process parameter combinations struvite crystals of mean size from ca. 18 to ca. 44 μm and of moderate homogeneity: CV 7–95% were produced. Presence of sulphate(VI) ions favored crystallization of struvite as prismatic crystals, but tubular forms were also identified. The best shaped struvite crystals were produced at relatively low concentration of sulphate(VI) ions, pH 9 and for mean residence time of suspension in a crystallizer elongated up to 3600 s.

Effect of copper or carbon fiber addition to the 3D printing of polylactid samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 727-732
Author(s):  
L. Zárybnická ◽  
D. Machová ◽  
K. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Quality ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
The Right

Abstract This paper presents the effect of additives on the quality of a product created by 3D print. The product is created by the most widely used 3D printing method - Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Polylactic acid (PLA) filaments are tested without and with the addition of carbon fibers or copper. The specimens are characterized by different methods, such as mechanical testing, measuring roughness by digital microscope with a large depth of field and thermal analysis. In fact, FDM is a problematic process with numerous criterions that affect printing quality. Printing parameters such as print temperature, pad temperature, print speed for 3D printing, printing orientation etc. have an important impact on the performance and quality of FDM components. Due to the correct parameters, the product of the required quality with a longer service life is obtained. The results of testing show that the quantity and choice of the right ingredient has a major impact on the mechanical properties and overall quality of the investigated product.

Continuous Reaction/Crystallization Process for Production of a Hazardous Intermediate

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Van Alsten ◽  
Lisa M. Reeder ◽  
Corey L. Stanchina ◽  
Donald J. Knoechel
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Continuous Reaction

The Recycling of Sodium Acetate from Waste Liquid of Dially-Alcohol-Ketone-Acetate Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2059-2062
Author(s):  
Dan Liu ◽  
Zhong Xu Dai ◽  
Fa Hua Li ◽  
Dan Wei Pi ◽  
Quan Bin Liao
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Acetate Production ◽  
High Return ◽  
Pure Grade

Sodium acetate has been separated and recycled in waste liquid from production by the process of precipitation, filtration, washing, concentration, crystallization, recrystallization and drying. The recycling of sodium acetate can be completely achieved by reuse hot water and liquor produced during concentrated and crystallization process respectively. Product quality of sodium acetate accords with national standard GB/T 693-1996 chemical pure grade. In the paper, the involved method of the waste water treatment has the characteristics of simple process, convenient operation, less investment and high return. Then, energy conservation and emissions reduction can be achieved when the technological process is used. Therefore, the recycling technology is suitable for industrialized production.

Sonocrystallization Technique to Optimizing the Crystallization Process of PCM CaCl2.6H2O

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 559-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivylentine Datu Palittin ◽  
Nia Kurniati ◽  
I.M. Sutjahja ◽  
Daniel Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heat Of Fusion ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Salt Hydrate ◽  
Temperature Recording ◽  
Change Material

Salt hydrate CaCl2.6H2O is one of inorganic Phase Change Material (PCM) that have melting temperature (Tm) of about 29 °C and latent heat of fusion (DH) of around 190 kJ/kg that can be used for latent thermal energy storage. This material can be used for conditioning the air-temperature of the room, in order to reduce the electrical energy consumption for air conditioning (AC) system. In order to reduce the subcooling and phase separation effects of CaCl2.6H2O to maintain its performance, we adopt sonocrystallization technique that uses ultrasound radiation for crystallization of CaCl2.6H2O. The data are taken qualitatively for the crystal growth observation and quantitatively based on real-time temperature recording. The results show that sonocrystallization can slightly reduce the phase separation effect and improving the quality of the crystal. Hence, the resulted crystals have large and long size, uniform distribution and dense arrangement.

scholarly journals Effect of Copper on the Crystallization Process, Microstructure and Selected Properties of CGI

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gumienny ◽  
B. Kacprzyk ◽  
J. Gawroński
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Compacted Graphite Iron ◽  
Austenite Transformation ◽  
Compacted Graphite ◽  
Eutectic Transformation ◽  
High Propensity ◽  
Eutectic Crystallization ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Abstract The paper presents the results of the research on the effect of copper on the crystallization process, microstructure and selected properties of the compacted graphite iron. Compacted graphite in cast iron was obtained using Inmold process. The study involved the cast iron containing copper at a concentration up to approximately 4%. The effect of copper on the temperature of the eutectic crystallization as well as the temperature of start and finish of the austenite transformation was given. It has been shown that copper increases the maximum temperature of the eutectic transformation approximately by 5°C per 1% Cu, and the temperature of the this transformation finish approximately by 8°C per 1% Cu. This element decreases the temperature of the austenite transformation start approximately by 5°C per 1% Cu, and the finish of this transformation approximately by 6°C per 1% Cu. It was found that in the microstructure of the compacted graphite iron containing about 3.8% Cu, there are still ferrite precipitations near the compacted graphite. The effect of copper on the hardness of cast iron and the pearlite microhardness was given. This stems from the high propensity to direct ferritization of this type of cast iron. It has been shown copper increases the hardness of compacted graphite iron both due to its pearlite forming action as well as because of the increase in the pearlite microhardness (up to approx. 3% Cu). The conducted studies have shown copper increases the hardness of the compacted graphite iron approximately by 35 HB per 1% Cu.

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