scholarly journals Selective and constructive mechanisms contribute to neural circuit formation in the barrel cortex of the developing rat

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
pp. 785-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Uribe-Querol ◽  
Eduardo Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Luis Rodrigo Hernández ◽  
Patricia Padilla Cortés ◽  
Horacio Merchant-Larios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Circuit Formation ◽  
Developing Rat

scholarly journals Implications of Extended Inhibitory Neuron Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5113
Author(s):  
Jae-Yeon Kim ◽  
Mercedes F. Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Inhibitory Neuron ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Gabaergic Interneuron ◽  
Gabaergic Interneurons ◽  
Neuron Development ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Circuit Formation

A prolonged developmental timeline for GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-expressing inhibitory neurons (GABAergic interneurons) is an amplified trait in larger, gyrencephalic animals. In several species, the generation, migration, and maturation of interneurons take place over several months, in some cases persisting after birth. The late integration of GABAergic interneurons occurs in a region-specific pattern, especially during the early postnatal period. These changes can contribute to the formation of functional connectivity and plasticity, especially in the cortical regions responsible for higher cognitive tasks. In this review, we discuss GABAergic interneuron development in the late gestational and postnatal forebrain. We propose the protracted development of interneurons at each stage (neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and network integration), as a mechanism for increased complexity and cognitive flexibility in larger, gyrencephalic brains. This developmental feature of interneurons also provides an avenue for environmental influences to shape neural circuit formation.

Optical survey of neural circuit formation in the embryonic chick vagal pathway

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1217-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsushige Sato ◽  
Naohisa Miyakawa ◽  
Yoko Momose-Sato
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Vagal Pathway ◽  
Circuit Formation

Role of microRNAs in Semaphorin function and neural circuit formation

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Laure Baudet ◽  
Anaïs Bellon ◽  
Christine E. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Circuit Formation

Perinatal Development of the Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body

2018 ◽  
pp. 244-272
Author(s):  
Shobhana Sivaramakrishnan ◽  
Ashley Brandebura ◽  
Paul Holcomb ◽  
Daniel Heller ◽  
Douglas Kolson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axon Guidance ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Calyx Of Held ◽  
Medial Nucleus ◽  
Target Neuron ◽  
Circuit Formation ◽  
Key Events ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Trapezoid Body

Bushy cells (BC) of the cochlear nucleus mono-innervate their target neuron, the principal cell of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), via the calyx of Held (CH) terminal, which is a typically mammalian structure and perhaps the largest nerve terminal in the brain. CH:MNTB innervation has become an attractive model to study neural circuit formation because it forms quickly, passing through stages of competition in mice within 2–4 days. BCs innervate MNTB neurons by E17, but CHs do not begin to grow for another five days (P3). Progress has been made to identify molecular factors for axon guidance, CH growth, and physiological maturation of synaptic partners, but important details remain to be discovered. We summarize key events in CH formation and highlight unresolved issues in molecular and physiological signaling, roles for non-neural cells, and the nature of competition during the first postnatal week.

scholarly journals Essential Functions of the Transcription Factor Npas4 in Neural Circuit Development, Plasticity, and Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Fu ◽  
Ouyang Guo ◽  
Zhihang Zhen ◽  
Junli Zhen
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Second Messenger ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Postsynaptic Potentials ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Neural Information ◽  
Formation Function ◽  
Second Messenger Pathways ◽  
Circuit Formation

Signaling from the synapse to nucleus is mediated by the integration and propagation of both membrane potential changes (postsynaptic potentials) and intracellular second messenger cascades. The electrical propagation of postsynaptic potentials allows for rapid neural information processing, while propagating second messenger pathways link synaptic activity to the transcription of genes required for neuronal survival and adaptive changes (plasticity) underlying circuit formation and learning. The propagation of activity-induced calcium signals to the cell nucleus is a major synapse-to-nucleus communication pathway. Neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4) is a recently discovered calcium-dependent transcription factor that regulates the activation of genes involved in the homeostatic regulation of excitatory–inhibitory balance, which is critical for neural circuit formation, function, and ongoing plasticity, as well as for defense against diseases such as epilepsy. Here, we summarize recent findings on the neuroprotective functions of Npas4 and the potential of Npas4 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of acute and chronic diseases of the central nervous system.

Emerging roles for HOX proteins in synaptogenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 807-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Gofflot ◽  
Benoit Lizen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Axon Growth ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Cell Fate Specification ◽  
Hox Proteins ◽  
Circuit Formation ◽  
Vertebrate Central Nervous System

Neural circuit formation requires the intricate orchestration of multiple developmental events including cell fate specification, cell migration, axon guidance, dendritic growth, synaptic target selection, and synaptogenesis. The HOX proteins are well-known transcriptional regulators that control embryonic development. Investigations into their action in the vertebrate central nervous system have demonstrated pivotal roles in specifying neural subpopulations, but also in several successive steps required for the assembly of neuronal circuitry, such as neuron migration, axon growth and pathfinding and synaptic target selection. Several lines of evidence suggest that the HOX transcription factors could also regulate synaptogenesis processes even after the process of axonal and dendritic guidance has concluded. Here we will review the current data on HOX proteins in neural circuit formation in order to evaluate their potential roles in establishing neuronal connectivity with specific emphasis on synapse formation and maturation.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic profile of Pea3 family members reveal regulatory codes for axon outgrowth and neuronal connection specificity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Başak Kandemir ◽  
Gizem Gulfidan ◽  
Kazim Yalcin Arga ◽  
Bayram Yilmaz ◽  
Isil Aksan Kurnaz
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Subfamily Member ◽  
Circuit Formation ◽  
Cell Cell

Abstract PEA3 transcription factor subfamily is present in a variety of tissues with branching morphogenesis, and play a particularly significant role in neural circuit formation and specificity. Many target genes in axon guidance and cell–cell adhesion pathways have been identified for Pea3 transcription factor (but not for Erm or Er81); however it was not so far clear whether all Pea3 subfamily members regulate same target genes, or whether there are unique targets for each subfamily member that help explain the exclusivity and specificity of these proteins in neuronal circuit formation. In this study, using transcriptomics and qPCR analyses in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, hypothalamic and hippocampal cell line, we have identified cell type-specific and subfamily member-specific targets for PEA3 transcription factor subfamily. While Pea3 upregulates transcription of Sema3D and represses Sema5B, for example, Erm and Er81 upregulate Sema5A and Er81 regulates Unc5C and Sema4G while repressing EFNB3 in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We furthermore present a molecular model of how unique sites within the ETS domain of each family member can help recognize specific target motifs. Such cell-context and member-specific combinatorial expression profiles help identify cell–cell and cell-extracellular matrix communication networks and how they establish specific connections.

scholarly journals A bird's eye view of neural circuit formation

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bence P Ölveczky ◽  
Timothy J Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Circuit Formation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document