scholarly journals MURDER AND DRUG TRAFFICKING SPATIAL DEPENDENCE

Mercator ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2020) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Antonio Hot Pereira de Faria ◽  
Diego Filipe Cordeiro Alves
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Lethal Violence ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This paper analyzes the correlation between drug trafficking and homicides in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais - Brazil, to identify the spatial relationship between these phenomena in the urban environment. Based on data from the police reports in the period of 2007 to 2016, the spatial patterns of these criminal typologies and their spatial association were evaluated. The data were grouped on a 500-meter square grid, showing the main hot spots for the two types of crimes, as well as their recurrence. To complement the analysis, an indicator was proposed based on the assumptions of Ousey and Lee (2002), who describe the pre-existing social conditions for the relationship between drug trafficking and homicides to be established. From the methodology adopted, it was possible to verify the spatial association between the two criminal classifications, as well as the tendency for clusters of cells with a high incidence of crimes to be formed. There was also an association between the empirical data and those regions of the city where the pre-existing social conditions that encourage the association between drug trafficking and homicides are present, reinforcing the idea that the illegal drug market is a contingent cause of lethal violence. Keywords: Violence. Homicide, Drug Trafficking, Spatial Analysis, Spatial correlation.

The Sound of Protest: Acousmatic Resistance in El Método

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-111
Author(s):  
Mónica López Lerma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Henri Lefebvre ◽  
Social Body ◽  
Spanish Film ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Drawing on the works of Henri Lefebvre and Chris Butler, chapter four explores the relationship between justice, aesthetics, and (the right to) the city through the 2012 Spanish film Grupo 7 directed by Alberto Rodríguez. Based on real events, the film follows a police unit tasked with cleansing the touristy downtown of Seville of prostitution and drug trafficking in order to convey an image of modernity for the Universal Exposition of 1992.  By inviting viewers to experience the violent transformation of Seville, the film makes visible pervasive forms of violence (crime, police brutality, and corruption) concealed behind the promises of modernity. It exposes the ways in which the state and the law shape the social body, organize relations of power, and distribute the sensory order—meaning who and what are included or excluded and who and what are visible or invisible—in a way that erases difference and diversity. The chapter argues that rather than offering a solution, the film constructs a haptic aesthetic where the city’s suburbs and outskirts, its messiness and noise, generally all brushed off by the logic of progress and modernization, cannot be left out from the viewer’s sensory experience of the city.

scholarly journals Visceral leishmaniasis control actions: epidemiological indicators for its effectiveness evaluation in a Brazilian urban area

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Helena Franco Morais ◽  
Paulo Chagastelles Sabroza ◽  
José Eduardo Pessanha ◽  
Andrea Sobral
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Canine Population ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Testing Coverage ◽  
Ratio Unit

Abstract: This research applies indicators concerning control of the visceral leishmaniasis canine reservoir in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Data were obtained from the Zoonoses Control Information System (SCZOO) and the Brazilian Information System on Diseases of Notification (SINAN) database. First we analyzed (i) existing associations between canine epidemiological indicators, where the dependent variable was the canine seroprevalence A (2007 to 2013), and the independent variables were, as follows: canine seroprevalence B (2006 to 2012); percentage of positive dogs by ELISA test reagents that were not euthanized; the relationship between the human and canine population; canine population testing coverage by census surveys; and the years of study (2006 to 2013); (ii) then, we examined the association between human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) cases between 2007 to 2013 and the mentioned variables related to dogs and years. Statistical analysis was done by a generalized linear model (GLM). One unit increases in canine seroprevalence B and canine seroprevalence A were associated to 13% and 12% increases in HVL rates, respectively. The increase in one human/dog ratio unit was associated with a 13% decrease in HVL rates. Canine seroprevalence, human/dog ratio and non-euthanasia of ELISA-reactive dogs in the environment were adequate indicators for analyzing the canine enzootic transmission and the occurrence of HVL cases.

Favelas regieren

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Lanz
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
The Self ◽  
Technologies Of The Self ◽  
Traditional Technologies ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Ruling favelas - the relationship between state, drug trafficking and favelas in Rio de Janeiro. Through the deployment of Michel Foucault’s concept of governmentality, this paper sets out to discuss the question of how irregular settlements (favelas) in Rio de Janeiro are governed by complex and intertwined relationships of different actors. It reveals that the current oppressive regime is based on techniques of power derived from colonialism, the military regime and a bourgeois conception of the city. Simultaneously, it is based on traditional technologies of the self that emerged out of the historical need of favela residents to govern themselves.

scholarly journals The role of the plot in engendering environmental quality: from unplanned favelas to the planned subdivisions of new blocks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Villefort Teixeira ◽  
Marieta Cardoso Maciel ◽  
Staël Alvarenga Pereira Costa
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This work discusses the importance of the site in the morphological structuring of urban centres. Studies on the implantation of the city of Belo Horizonte, located in the state of Minas Gerais Brazil, show that the occupation of the city occurred initially in the valleys. This was due to the favourable conditions of the topography, which allowed an orthogonal layout in the central area. In spite of this, since the city’s foundation, the most rugged areas have been occupied by favelas, whose layout differed from the dominant pattern. As flat areas became scarce, the hilly regions, possessing long strips of land, were also subdivided and exploited due to their substantially lower land prices. Although the favelas sprung up spontaneously and the new settlements were planned, both had similarities in the layout of the streets which were adjusted to the steep contours and the geological conditions of the terrain. At the same time, the plot defined another configuration in the subdivisions, in which the building was occupied by only a single family and, in most cases, the building was separated from the street by high                walls. As a consequence, the relationship between public and private space became severely compromised.  In the case of the favelas, the formal inexistence of the plot is demonstrated in the juxtaposition of the dwellings, in which each residence is constructed above another in extremely confined space. The relationship with the street also differs in these places, since the first floor often freely connects to the street, integrating the dwelling with the public space and thus contributing to the social life of the community. This is furthermore in contrast to the previously noted walled environments characterising planned areas. The analysis of these parameters could profitably be utilised in new designs that appropriate some of the popular solutions better suited to the environment, and in turn, integrate them into public policy.References: FERREIRA, M. G.(1997) O sítio e a formação da paisagem urbana: um estudo do município de Belo Horizonte. 1997. Dissertação (Mestrado em Geografia). Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. MASUO, K. (2015). An organic method of village rehabilitation through a reconstruction archetype based on vernacular architecture. International Seminar on Urban Form, ISUF 2015, Rome. McHARG, Ian L. (1992). Design with nature. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Washington. 

scholarly journals Percepções e experiências do usuário no Parque Municipal de Belo Horizonte: estrutura, uso e manutenção.

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ítalo Brener Carvalho ◽  
Marlusa de Sevilha Gosling
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Space Organization ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Identity Thinking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Leisure

CConhecer os valores experiência dos em áreas verdes de lazer urbano implica em uma análise do espaço geográfico onde esta prática se realiza. A observação das práticas urbanas da população se distingue no espaço-tempo (CERTEAU, 1994) no vivido e no percebido: conceitos apresentados por Lefebvre (1991). Com base na relação existente entre espaço-tempo e vivido-percebido, 30 coletas, por meio de observação participante, foram realizadas no Parque Municipal da cidade de Belo Horizonte. De forma exploratória o objetivo deste artigo é conhecer o cotidiano vivido e as experiências dos usuários neste espaço gratuito de lazer que podem ser observadas para o meio de relatos de percepção e da experiência vivenciada pelo visitante de um parque verde urbano. Os resultados confirmam (i) a contemporaneidade do pensamento da identidade no espaço (FOUCAULT, 1977), (ii) confirmam que as práticas espaciais influenciam as representações, (iii) a organização do espaço urbano (BOURDIEU, 1996) e (iv) as práticas urbanas no espaço e no tempo (BACHELARD, 1929). Este estudo contribui para evidenciar as avaliações positivas e ou negativas dos usuários perpassam por três parâmetros: Estrutura, Usos e Manutenção. Perceptions and user experiences in the Municipal Park of Belo Horizonte (MG, Brazil): structure, use and maintenance AABSTRACT In order to knowing the values experienced on green áreas of urban leisure implies to analysis of the geographical-spatial since where this practice takes place. The observation of those population practices, it is distinguished in the space-time (Certeau, 1994); in the lived and the perceived: concepts presented by Lefebvre (1991). Based on the relationship between space-time and lived-perceived, 30 collections, through participant observation, were carried out in the Municipal Park of the city of Belo Horizonte. In an exploratory way, the objective of this article is to know the daily life and the experiences of the users in this free space of leisure. Oserved to the means of reports of perception and the experience lived by the visitor of an urban green park. The results confirm (i) the contemporaneousness of identity thinking in space (Foucault, 1977), (ii) confirm that spatial practices influence representations, (iii) urban space organization (BOURDIEU, 1996) and (iv) urban practices in space and time (BACHELARD, 1929). This study contributions take place on how it can evidence the positive and negative evaluations of users mesured by three parameters: Structure, Uses and Maintenance. KEYWORDS: Public Leisure Space; Perceptions; Experiences; Structure; Use; Maintenance.

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