scholarly journals FIRE REGIME IN THE INDIGENOUS LAND INDIGENOUS LAND, MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL

Mercator ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2020) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Lívia Lima Leite Aguiar ◽  
Patrick Thomaz de Aquino Martins
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Brazilian Culture ◽  
Indigenous Land

The Indigenous Land (TI) Pimentel Barbosa, of the Xavante ethnic group, is located in the region with the highest annual burning activity in the world, denoting the need for timely and accurate monitoring of the space-time patterns of fire occurrence. In this sense, the present study aimed to characterize the occurrences of burning in that TI, between the years 1984 to 2018, relating them to the different types of vegetation and land use present in it. Burn scars were identified and mapped, based on images from the Landsat program, and were analyzed for their spatial distribution and recurrence, including the aspect of plant typology and land use. In 34 years, TI burned an area of more than 1,500%, with the record of burning more than half of the area in several years, with no spatial pattern that expresses the practices traditionally used. Savanna vegetable types and agricultural use accounted for more than 90% of the affected area. In all types and use, recurrence classified as medium or high, from 9 to 34 recurrences (i.e., some TI areas were burned every year) predominated. 20 times was the most common recurrence, being at odds with what is recommended in the literature. The change in the territorial structure and the integration with the Brazilian culture pattern are indicated as elementary responsible for the establishment of the identified burning scenario, making some actions necessary, such as, for example, the traditional rescue of fire management, so that the fires can be used as a sustainable tool.

Australia Burning

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Community Issues ◽  
Indigenous Land ◽  
Key Questions

The phenomenon of fire in the Australian landscape traverses many interests and disciplines. At a national level, there is an urgent need for the integration of both the natural and social sciences in the formulation of public policy. With contributions from 30 leading experts, Australia Burning draws together these issues, under the themes: Ecology and the environment Fire behaviour and fire regime science People and property Policy, institutional arrangements and the legal framework Indigenous land and fire management The book examines some of the key questions that relate to the ecology, prediction and management of fire, urban planning, law, insurance, and community issues, including indigenous and non-indigenous concerns. It looks at what we need to know to inform public policy, given the present risks and uncertainty, and explores the avenues for closer integration between science, policy and the community.

scholarly journals Legacies of Indigenous land use shaped past wildfire regimes in the Basin-Plateau Region, USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vachel A. Carter ◽  
Andrea Brunelle ◽  
Mitchell J. Power ◽  
R. Justin DeRose ◽  
Matthew F. Bekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Wildfire Regimes ◽  
Indigenous Land

AbstractClimatic conditions exert an important influence on wildfire activity in the western United States; however, Indigenous farming activity may have also shaped the local fire regimes for millennia. The Fish Lake Plateau is located on the Great Basin–Colorado Plateau boundary, the only region in western North America where maize farming was adopted then suddenly abandoned. Here we integrate sedimentary archives, tree rings, and archeological data to reconstruct the past 1200 years of fire, climate, and human activity. We identify a period of high fire activity during the apex of prehistoric farming between 900 and 1400 CE, and suggest that farming likely obscured the role of climate on the fire regime through the use of frequent low-severity burning. Climatic conditions again became the dominant driver of wildfire when prehistoric populations abandoned farming around 1400 CE. We conclude that Indigenous populations shaped high-elevation mixed-conifer fire regimes on the Fish Lake Plateau through land-use practices.

scholarly journals Fire regime and ecosystem responses: adaptive forest management in a changing world (Part 1)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Moya ◽  
Giacomo Certini ◽  
Peter Z. Fulé
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Ongoing Research

Although fire is an intrinsic factor in most terrestrial biomes, it is often perceived as a negative disturbance that must be suppressed. The application of successful fire prevention policies can lead to unsustainable fire events for ecosystems adapted to a specific fire regime. In addition, new climate and land use scenarios are influencing fire parameters and ecosystem services. Consequently, adaptive forest and landscape management must include knowledge on vulnerability, resistance and resilience of terrestrial ecosystems. To help address this need, we convened a special issue (divided in two separate parts) to synthesise ongoing research focused on obtaining a better understanding of wildfire response decisions and actions, including preventive management and post-fire restoration. We conceived a collection of research studies covering a wide diversity of geographical settings characterised by different climates and forest types, under scenarios of changing climate and land use. Here, we summarise the key findings from the six papers published in the first section of the special issue. They deal with diverse topics and assessments, such as adaptions to fire regimes, the effects of burn severity on the plant–soil interface, and post-fire management taking advantage of indices obtained from satellite images (dNBR, NDVI), dendrochronology, soil sampling and analysis of biological indicators. We highlight the new knowledge developed to enhance fire management decision making in a time of rapidly changing scenarios around the world.

Land-use and vegetation-cover mapping of an indigenous land area in the state of Mato Grosso (Brazil) based on spectral linear mixing model, segmentation and region classification

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Shinji Kawakubo ◽  
Rubia Gomes Morato ◽  
Carmen Lucia Midaglia ◽  
Maria Lucia Cereda Gomide ◽  
Ailton Luchiari
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Mixing Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Region Classification ◽  
Linear Mixing Model ◽  
Model Segmentation ◽  
Indigenous Land

scholarly journals Burned area trends in the Brazilian Cerrado: the roles of climate and anthropogenic drivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia S. Silva ◽  
Julia A. Rodrigues ◽  
Filippe L. M. Santos ◽  
Joana Nogueira ◽  
Allan A. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Anthropogenic Drivers

<p>Fire is a natural disturbance in the Brazilian savannas, Cerrado, with substantial ecological and economic impacts. Most studies have characterized the fire regime in this biome using climate drivers but neglected the geographical variation of anthropogenic activities. These factors can trigger inappropriate fire-fighting decisions and biodiversity conservation policies. This takes special relevance in fire-prone biomes with recent fire management policies as Cerrado, which have been highly modified over the last decades due to changes in land use and climate. </p><p>Here, we aim to identify how variations in climate and anthropogenic drivers influence burned area (BA) trends at the regional level (microregions) in Cerrado. We evaluated satellite-derived BA (MCD64, collection 6) for 172 microregions from 2001 to 2018 across the entire biome. The Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) was used as a proxy of climate using meteorological variables from ECMWF’s ERA5 reanalysis product. The human leverage, considered here as population density (PD) and land use (LU), were derived, respectively, from the annual census of the Brazillian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and from a Brazilian platform of annual land use/cover mapping (MapBiomas). Recent BA trends considering the drivers FWI, LU and PD, were estimated using the non-parametric Theil-Sen regression and the modified Mann-Kendall test. </p><p>Results showed BA trends over the last 18 years were significant and spatially contrasted along Cerrado: positive trends were found in the north-eastern region (in particular, the most recent agricultural frontier in Brazil: MATOPIBA) whereas the south-western region showed negative trends. PD showed positive trends in all microregions and, similarly, LU obtained positive trends over most of Cerrado. Positive FWI trends were also found over the central and north-eastern regions and FWI was the driver that explained most of BA variance in Cerrado. LU and PD were found to have much more complex relations with BA. Moreover, regarding the seasonal variability of microregions with positive and negative trends, the former were found to begin earlier in June and last longer, indicating that the overall fire season in Cerrado may be extending. </p><p>The approach presented here allows the exploration of recent trends affecting fires, crucial to inform and support better allocation of resources in fire management under current and future conditions.</p><p>The study was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brazil (CNPQ) through grants 305159/2018-6 and 441971/2018-0. P. Silva is funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), grant number SFRH/BD/146646/2019.</p>

scholarly journals Distribuição espaço-temporal das queimadas no bioma Cerrado (1999/2018) e sua ocorrência conforme os diferentes tipos de cobertura e uso do solo

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Maíra Iaê Savioli Rocha ◽  
Diego Tarley Ferreira Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Arc Of Deforestation ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Gis Environment

Usualmente empregadas pelos povos tradicionais, as queimadas também têm sido utilizadas para o desmatamento de vegetação natural e incorporação de atividades agropecuárias. Diante desse contexto, tem-se como objetivo analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal dos focos de queimadas no bioma Cerrado no período de 1999 a 2018, verificando sua ocorrência entre os diferentes tipos de cobertura e uso do solo, no intuito de avaliar a hipótese de que a prática de queimadas esteja recorrentemente associada à desmatamentos e à implantação de atividades agropecuárias. Para tanto, foram compilados, organizados e processados em ambiente SIG, arquivos vetoriais de focos de queimadas, a partir do Banco de Dados de Queimadas (BDQ/INPE), e arquivos raster de mapeamentos de cobertura e uso do solo do Cerrado, elaborados e disponibilizados pelo Projeto MapBiomas, ambos dados referente ao bioma Cerrado e ao recorte temporal de 1999 a 2018. Em termos médios, verifica-se a ocorrência de 65.513 focos anuais de queimadas, porém, em alguns anos a quantidade de queimadas atinge o montante de 137.918 focos, como visto em 2007. Há uma concentração das queimadas no período seco, especialmente, no trimestre agosto-setembro-outubro, que responde por 72% das ocorrências anuais. A maior densidade de queimadas é percebida ao longo da fronteira agrícola na região do MATOPIBA e próxima ao Arco do Desmatamento, nos estados do Maranhão, Tocantins e de Mato Grosso, ao passo que evidencia-se a maior incidência das queimadas sobre determinadas classes de cobertura e uso do solo, sobretudo representadas por formações savânicas e campestres.  Space-temporal distribution of fires in the Cerrado biome (1999/2018) and their occurence according to different types of coverage and soil uses A B S T R A C TUsually employed by traditional communities, fires have also been used to deforest and incorporate agricultural activities. Given this context, the objective is to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of the fires in the Cerrado biome, from 1999 to 2018, verifying their occurrence between the different types of cover and land use, in order to assess the hypotheses that the practice of fires is recurrently associated with deforestation and the implementation of agricultural activities. For this purpose, were compiled, organized and processed in a GIS environment, fires focus from the Burn Database of the National Institute for Space Research and mappings of cover and land use, elaborated and availabled by the MapBiomas Project, both data referring to the Cerrado biome and over the years 1999 to 2018. On average, there are 65,513 annual fires, but in some years the amount of burns reaches the amount of 137,918 – as seen in 2007. There is a concentration of fires in the dry period, mainly in the August-September-October, which accounts for 72% of annual fires. The highest density of fires occurs mainly along the agricultural frontier in the MATOPIBA region and close to the Arc of Deforestation, specifically in the states of Maranhão, Tocantins and Mato Grosso, while there is a greater incidence of fires on certain classes of coverage and land use, especially represented by savanna and grassland formation, which corroborates the hypothesis of the use of fires to convert vegetation cover into anthropic uses.Keywords: Fires, Cerrado, Cover and land use.

scholarly journals A reconstruction of the recent fire regimes of Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi, using remote sensing

Fire Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem A. Nieman ◽  
Brian W. van Wilgen ◽  
Alison J. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Local Evidence ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

Abstract Background Fire is an important process that shapes the structure and functioning of African savanna ecosystems, and managers of savanna protected areas use fire to achieve ecosystem goals. Developing appropriate fire management policies should be based on an understanding of the determinants, features, and effects of prevailing fire regimes, but this information is rarely available. In this study, we report on the use of remote sensing to develop a spatially explicit dataset on past fire regimes in Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi, between 2001 and 2019. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images were used to evaluate the recent fire regime for two distinct vegetation types in Majete Wildlife Reserve, namely savanna and miombo. Additionally, a comparison was made between MODIS and Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) images by separately evaluating selected aspects of the fire regime between 2012 and 2019. Results Mean fire return intervals were four and six years for miombo and savanna vegetation, respectively, but the distribution of fire return intervals was skewed, with a large proportion of the area burning annually or biennially, and a smaller proportion experiencing much longer fire return intervals. Variation in inter-annual rainfall also resulted in longer fire return intervals during cycles of below-average rainfall. Fires were concentrated in the hot-dry season despite a management intent to restrict burning to the cool-dry season. Mean fire intensities were generally low, but many individual fires had intensities of 14 to 18 times higher than the mean, especially in the hot-dry season. The VIIRS sensors detected many fires that were overlooked by the MODIS sensors, as images were collected at a finer scale. Conclusions Remote sensing has provided a useful basis for reconstructing the recent fire regime of Majete Wildlife Reserve, and has highlighted a current mismatch between intended fire management goals and actual trends. Managers should re-evaluate fire policies based on our findings, setting clearly defined targets for the different vegetation types and introducing flexibility to accommodate natural variation in rainfall cycles. Local evidence of the links between fires and ecological outcomes will require further research to improve fire planning.

Fire Management of Rangelands in the Kimberley Low-Rainfall Zone: a Review.

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB Craig
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
General Management ◽  
Noaa Avhrr ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
Definition Of

This paper examines a range of environmental, research and practical issues affecting fire management of pastoral lands in the southern part of the Kimberley region in Western Australia. Although spinifex grasslands dominate most leases, smaller areas of more productive pastures are crucially important to many enterprises. There is a lack of local documentation of burning practices during traditional Aboriginal occupation; general features of the fire regime at that time can be suggested on the basis of information from other inland areas. Definition of current tire regimes is improving through interpretation of NOAA-AVHRR satellite imagery. Irregular extensive wildfires appear to dominate, although this should be confirmed by further accumulation, validation and analysis of fire history data. While these fires cause ma,jor difficulties. controlled burn~ng is a necessary part of station management. Although general management guidelines have been published. local research into tire-grazing effects has been very limited. For spinifex pastures, reconimendations are generally consistent with those applying elsewhere in northern Australia. They favour periodic burning of mature spinifex late in the year, before or shortly after the arrival of the first rains, with deferment of grazing. At that time. days of high fire danger may still be expected and prediction of fire behaviour is critical to burning decisions. Early dry-season burning is also required for creating protective tire breaks and to prepare for burning later in the year. Further development of tools for predicting fire behaviour, suited to the discontinuous fuels characteristic of the area, would be warranted. A range of questions concerning the timing and spatial pattern of burning, control of post-fire grazing, and the economics of fire management, should be addressed as resources permit. This can be done through a combination of opportunistic studies, modelling and documentation of local experience. The development of an expert system should be considered to assist in planning and conducting burning activities. Key words: Kimberley, fire regimes, fire management, pastoralism, spinifex

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