scholarly journals UNIVERSALIZATION OF THE EDUCATION IN THE BRAZILIAN MUNICIPALITIES

Mercator ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2020) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Diego Pinheiro Alencar ◽  
Juheina Lacerda Ribeiro Viana Alencar ◽  
Adenilda Rodrigues da Silva Junqueira
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Municipal Level

The educational inequalities in Brazil may be illustrated by the first Census of 1872, which pointed out that 15.11% of the country's population was composed of slaves. In that year, 50.95% of the population was considered illiterate. The related studies to the Brazilian social issue point to the North and Northeast regions as the most vulnerable in the national territory, a dynamic also reflected in educational opportunities. The population of the Northeast region, for example, presents a primary education completion rate of 27.43% lower in relation to the population living in the Southeast region. The Brazilian social inequality manifests itself in different dimensions, such as the cutting out of gender, ethnicity and region. At the municipal level, the percentage representation of the non-conclusion of the primary education is more evident in sparsely populated municipalities, with a predominantly rural population. In this profile of municipality, Youth and Adult Education is an important mechanism for tackling educational inequalities, especially when articulated with social protection policies. Keywords: Educational opportunities. Income inequality. Youth and Adult Education. Brazilian municipalities.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ulrich Becker
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Different Dimensions

The chapter introduces the aim of the book, its structure, and its relevance, including an overview of previously published works in the field. It emphasises a double-sided understanding of the constitution of welfare states by way of background to the book, which aims to provide, from a comparative perspective, a detailed analysis of crisis-driven changes in the nine EU Member States that were particularly affected by the financial crisis. As a basis for the subsequent country reports and comparative analysis, this introduction explains different forms and functions of social protection and different dimensions and levels of human rights protection, as well as detailing the time and place of investigation.

scholarly journals COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous people in Brazil: a nationwide register-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Santana Santos ◽  
Adriano Antunes Souza Araújo ◽  
Jarbas Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Black People ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The North ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately affected Black people and minority ethnic groups, but there are limited data regarding the impact of disease on Indigenous people. Herein, we investigated the burden of COVID-19 on the Indigenous population in Brazil. We performed a populational-based study including all cases and deaths from COVID-19 among Brazilian Indigenous people from 26 February to 28 August 2020. Data were obtained from official Brazilian information systems. We calculated incidence, mortality and fatality rates for the Indigenous population for each of the five Brazilian regions. Brazil had an incidence and a mortality rate of 3546.4 cases and 65.0 deaths per 100 000 population, respectively. The case fatality rate (CFR) was 1.8%. The Central-West had the higher estimates of disease burden among Brazilian Indians (incidence rate: 3135.0/100 000; mortality rate: 101.2/100 000 and CFR: 3.2%) followed by the North region (incidence rate: 5664.4/100 000; mortality rate: 92.2/100 000 and CFR: 1.6%). Governmental actions should guarantee the isolation, monitoring and testing capabilities of Indigenous people and rapidly to provide social protection and health facilities.

European Studies and Research in Adult Learning and Education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol Rios-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Adult Learners ◽  
Adult Learning ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Underserved Groups

The European Commission launched a renewed agenda for adult learning with the objective of ensuring access to high-quality educational opportunities to adult learners for the promotion of their personal and professional development. Thus, European researchers in this field are paying attention to lifelong learning actions in order to address this challenge. Studies in this area are exploring how adult education can strengthen adults’ skills, in particular those required in the current knowledge society (information and communication technologies, problem solving, foreign languages, etc.). Simultaneously, some investigations focus in depth on the role that adult education can play in overcoming social exclusion for the most underserved groups. This paper describes the contributions of these investigations as well as the steps carried out by programs and theories that have contributed the most to adult learning. Lastly, future developments and challenges on this field are explained.

scholarly journals Privileging the Privileged: The Effects of International University Rankings on a Chilean Fellowship Program for Graduate Studies Abroad

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Perez Mejias ◽  
Roxana Chiappa ◽  
Carolina Guzmán-Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
University Rankings ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Fellowship Program ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
International University

In the last few decades, many developing countries have dramatically expanded the number of government-sponsored fellowships for graduate studies abroad to increase their participation in the knowledge economy. To award these grants, these programs have typically relied on international university rankings as their main selection criterion. Existing studies suggest these fellowships have been disproportionally awarded to applicants from privileged social backgrounds, thus intensifying existing national educational inequalities. However, this evidence is mostly anecdotal and descriptive in nature. In this article, we focus on a Chilean fellowship program, an iconic example of these policies. Using a causal path analysis mediation model and relying on social reproduction and stratification theories, we investigated whether the distribution of fellowships varied across applicants from different socioeconomic backgrounds and how university rankings affect applicants’ chances of obtaining the fellowship. Our findings revealed that, in a context of high social inequalities and a stratified education system, using international rankings as an awarding criterion reinforced the position of privilege of individuals who accrued educational advantages in high school, as well as the disadvantages of those less fortunate who faced fewer prior educational opportunities.

Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeast Brazil: Eleven new species and distributional records

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4236 (3) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
WAGNER RAFAEL M. DE SOUZA ◽  
ALLAN PAULO MOREIRA SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
The North

The genus Oxyethira comprises over 200 species distributed worldwide. In Brazil, 23 species have been recorded, mostly from the North Region, but this number is still an underestimate. To date, six species have been recorded from the Northeast Region of Brazil (from Ceará, Piauí, and Pernambuco states). In this work, we describe and illustrate 11 new species from this region: Oxyethira calori sp. nov., O. diplospissa sp. nov., O. guariba sp. nov., O. iannuzzae sp. nov., O. maranhensis sp. nov., O. rafaeli sp. nov., O. gracilianoi sp. nov., O. retrosa sp. nov., O. septentrionalis sp. nov., O. singularis sp. nov., O. una sp. nov. Additionally, new distributional records for five other species are given. These results increase the number of Oxyethira species in Brazil from 23 to 35. 

Educational Activity as a Problem of Adult Education in the Context of Globalization

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Ihor Folvarochnyi
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Pedagogical Issues ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Systematic Solution

Abstract The article deals with the problem of adult education in the context of globalization. The analysis of scientific pedagogical literature devoted to studying of some aspects of educational activity in adult education has been conducted. The problem of public institutions development and activity has been analyzed in the broad context of “globalization”. Possibilities and threat for the work of “the third sector” have been explored. The tendency of deepening international cooperation of public organizations in adult education with the increase of their interdependence and competition has been emphasized. The article deals with the historical and pedagogical issues of educational activities in the field of adult education. Much attention has been given to social problems of the subject (the problem of human’s social protection, the necessity of a systematic solution of a range of socially-oriented issues in the education sphere, the focus of the social educational work’s vector in the field of nonformal adult education). The features of internationalization of educational activities in the field of adult education have been defined. Methodology of the problem’s research has been researched. Transnational research has been conducted with the help of functional analysis method, which allows to allocate complex international requirements in national standards of public organizations. It has been determined that at present there is increase of integration processes in national European systems which influence the change of their structure and creation of regional and general world models of adult and informal education.

scholarly journals Adaptation of a Brazilian Version of the North/Northeast Region for the Brief Pain Inventory

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Nívea Bezerra Menezes ◽  
Juliana Almeida da Silva ◽  
Priscila de Medeiros ◽  
Renato Leonardo de Freitas ◽  
Da Silva José Aparecido
Keyword(s):  
Brief Pain Inventory ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Brazilian Version

scholarly journals Economic crisis and participation in Adult Education: A qualitative investigation with primary teachers in Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Maria Papalexopoulou ◽  
Vassiliki Rorou ◽  
Thanassis Karalis
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Primary Teachers ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Education Programs

In this research, a quantitative approach (semi-structured interviews) is used to investigate the views of primary education teachers, concerning their participation in continuing education programs. The investigation of the motives and barriers to their participation is based on the Morstain & Smart and Cross typologies, while the present researchs findings are compared to those of a quantitative research in Greece. As it turns out from the findings of the research, the recent severe economic crisis largely restrains the primary education teachers options for participation in continuing education and lifelong learning.

scholarly journals DINÂMICA ESPACIAL DE USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO URBANO NO MUNICÍPIO DE BREU BRANCO-PA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Wagner Luiz Gonçalves da SILVA (IFPA) ◽  
Gilberto de Miranda ROCHA (UFPA)
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Spatial Growth ◽  
The North ◽  
Environmental Protection Policies ◽  
The City

Breu Branco é um município do estado do Pará, localizado na microrregião do lago de Tucuruí. Ao longo dos anos o município experimentou um crescimento populacional acelerado, consequência da migração de pessoas oriundas de outras regiões em busca de trabalho e moradia próximos às obras de barragem. O crescimento espacial tem forte relação com a Hidroelétrica. Além do fator populacional, outros três fatores foram importantes para o crescimento espacial de Breu Branco: o preço da terra, a topografia da área de expansão e a falta de políticas de proteção ambiental no município. Nesse trabalho utilizamos ferramentas cartográficas e sensoriamento remoto para a construção de mapas em três períodos 1996, 2006 e 2016. Os resultados obtidos mostram novas dinâmicas espaciais, como a duplicação da área urbana, saturação do núcleo projetado da cidade em direção ao norte, conversão de áreas de floresta e preservação (APP) em ocupações, concentração imobiliária e especulação sobre novas áreas, do ponto de vista populacional um aumento de 58% da população em vinte anos.Palavras-chave: Hidroelétrica. Território, Dinâmicas de uso e ocupação do solo. Cartografia. Plano diretor.SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF USE AND OCCUPATION OF URBAN SOIL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BREU BRANCO-PAAbstract: Breu Branco is a municipality in the state of Pará, located in the microregion of Lake Tucuruí. Over the years, the municipality experienced an accelerated population growth, a consequence of the migration of people from other municipalities of Pará and the northeast region of Brazil in search of work and housing near the works. The spatial growth has a strong relationship with the implementation phases of the Tucuruí HPP. In addition to the population factor, three other factors were important for the Breu Branco spatial growth: the price of land, the topography of the expansion area and the lack of environmental protection policies the municipality. In this work, we used cartographic tools and remote sensing for the construction of maps in three periods 1996, 2006 and 2016. The results obtained show new spatial dynamics, such as the duplication of the urban area, saturation of the projected nucleus of the city towards the north, conversion of forest and preservation areas (APP) into occupations, real estate concentration and speculation about new areas, from the point of view. population view an increase of 58% of the population in twenty years. Keywords: Hydroelectric.Territory. Dynamics of use and Soil occupation. Cartography. Master Plan. 

scholarly journals Developing a Small-Area Deprivation Measure for Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Allik ◽  
Dandara Ramos ◽  
Marilyn Agranonik ◽  
Elzo Pereira Pinto Junior ◽  
Maria Yury Ichihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
The North ◽  
Municipal Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
Deprivation Measure

This report describes the development of the BrazDep small-area deprivation measure for the whole of Brazil. The measure uses the 2010 Brazilian Population Census data and is calculated for the smallest possible geographical area level, the census sectors. It combines three variables – (1) percent of households with per capita income ≤ 1/2 minimum wage; (2) percent of people not literate, aged 7+; and (3) average of percent of people with inadequate access to sewage, water, garbage collection and no toilet and bath/shower – into a single measure. Similar measures have previously been developed at the census sector level for some states or municipalities, but the deprivation measure described in this report is the first one to be provided for census sectors for the whole of Brazil. BrazDep is a measure of relative deprivation, placing the census sectors on a scale of material well-being from the least to the most deprived. It is useful in comparing areas within Brazil in 2010, but cannot be used to make comparisons across countries or time. Categorical versions of the measure are also provided, placing census sectors into groups of similar levels of deprivation. Deprivation measures, such as the one developed here, have been developed for many countries and are popular tools in public health research for describing the social patterning of health outcomes and supporting the targeting and delivery of services to areas of higher need. The deprivation measure is exponentially distributed, with a large proportion of areas having a low deprivation score and a smaller number of areas experiencing very high deprivation. There is significant regional variation in deprivation; areas in the North and Northeast of Brazil have on average much higher deprivation compared to the South and Southeast. Deprivation levels in the Central-West region fall between those for the North and South. Differences are also great between urban and rural areas, with the former having lower levels of deprivation compared to the latter. The measure was validated by comparing it to other similar indices measuring health and social vulnerability at the census sector level in states and municipalities where it was possible, and at the municipal level for across the whole of Brazil. At the municipal level the deprivation measure was also compared to health outcomes. The different validation exercises showed that the developed measure produced expected results and could be considered validated. As the measure is an estimate of the “true” deprivation in Brazil, uncertainty exists about the exact level of deprivation for all of the areas. For the majority of census sectors the uncertainty is small enough that we can reliably place the area into a deprivation category. However, for some areas uncertainty is very high and the provided estimate is unreliable. These considerations should always be kept in mind when using the BrazDep measure in research or policy. The measure should be used as part of a toolkit, rather than a single basis for decision-making. The data together with documentation is available from the University of Glasgow http: //dx.doi.org/10.5525/gla.researchdata.980. The data and this report are distributed under Creative Commons Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA 4.0) and can be freely used by researchers, policy makers or members of public.

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