scholarly journals Three-dimensional Thermal and Dynamic Structure in Synoptic and Local Scale and its Influence on Haze Formation during Autumn in Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujuan Zhao ◽  
Zhaobin Sun ◽  
Yele Sun ◽  
Ting Yang ◽  
Dan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Haze Formation

scholarly journals Special Issue: Application of Extracellular Matrix in Regenerative Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3262
Author(s):  
Neill J. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Scaffold Material ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Organ Regeneration ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
The Many

The present Special Issue comprises a collection of articles addressing the many ways in which extracellular matrix (ECM), or its components parts, can be used in regenerative medicine applications. ECM is a dynamic structure, composed of a three-dimensional architecture of fibrous proteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans, synthesized by the resident cells. Consequently, ECM can be considered as nature’s ideal biologic scaffold material. The articles in this Special Issue cover a range of topics from the use of ECM components to manufacture scaffold materials, understanding how changes in ECM composition can lead to the development of disease, and how decellularization techniques can be used to develop tissue-derived ECM scaffolds for whole organ regeneration and wound repair. This editorial briefly summarizes the most interesting aspects of these articles.

Towards opensource LOD2 modelling of urban spaces using an optimised machine learning and rules-based approach.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Rowan ◽  
Adrian Butler
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Scale Modelling

<p><span>In order to enable community groups and other interested parties to evaluate the effects of flood management, water conservation and other hydrological issues, better localised mapping is required.  Although some maps are publicly available many are behind paywalls, especially those with three dimensional features.  In this study London is used as a test case to evaluate, machine learning and rules-based approaches with opensource maps and LiDAR data to create more accurate representations (LOD2) of small-scale areas.  Machine learning is particularly well suited to the recognition of local repetitive features like building roofs and trees, while roads can be identified and mapped best using a faster rules-based approach. </span></p><p><span>In order to create a useful LOD2 representation, a user interface, processing rules manipulation and assumption editor have all been incorporated. Features like randomly assigning sub terrain features (basements) - using Monte-Carlo methods - and artificial sewage representation enable the user to grow these models from opensource data into useful model inputs. This project is aimed at local scale hydrological modelling, rainfall runoff analysis and other local planning applications. </span></p><p><span> </span></p><p><span>The goal is to provide turn-key data processing for small scale modelling, which should help advance the installation of SuDs and other water management solutions, as well as having broader uses. The method is designed to enable fast and accurate representations of small-scale features (1 hectare to 1km<sup>2</sup>), with larger scale applications planned for future work.  This work forms part of the CAMELLIA project (Community Water Management for a Liveable London) and aims to provide useful tools for local scale modeller and possibly the larger scale industry/scientific user. </span></p>

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Dynamic Structure Of Phospholipid Bilayers Saturated With Cholesterol

2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 149a-150a
Author(s):  
Marija Raguz ◽  
Justyna Widomska ◽  
Witold K. Subczynski
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayers

scholarly journals Фононы, диффузоны и бозонный пик в двумерных решетках со случайными связями

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Д.А. Конюх ◽  
Я.М. Бельтюков ◽  
Д.А. Паршин
Keyword(s):  
Structure Factor ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Oscillatory System ◽  
Square Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Linear Dispersion ◽  
Translational Invariance ◽  
Dispersion Law

AbstractWithin the model of stable random matrices possessing translational invariance, a two-dimensional (on a square lattice) disordered oscillatory system with random strongly fluctuating bonds is considered. By a numerical analysis of the dynamic structure factor S ( q , ω), it is shown that vibrations with frequencies below the Ioffe-Regel frequency ω_IR are ordinary phonons with a linear dispersion law ω( q ) ∝ q and a reciprocal lifetime б ~ q ^3. Vibrations with frequencies above ω_IR, although being delocalized, cannot be described by plane waves with a definite dispersion law ω( q ). They are characterized by a diffusion structure factor with a reciprocal lifetime б ~ q ^2, which is typical of a diffusion process. In the literature, they are often referred to as diffusons. It is shown that, as in the three-dimensional model, the boson peak at the frequency ωb in the reduced density of vibrational states g (ω)/ω is on the order of the frequency ω_IR. It is located in the transition region between phonons and diffusons and is proportional to the Young’s modulus of the lattice, ω_ b ≃ E .

scholarly journals Simulation of angiogenesis in three dimensions: Application to cerebral cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. e1009164
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Alberding ◽  
Timothy W. Secomb
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Vascular Response ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Mouse Cerebral Cortex

The vasculature is a dynamic structure, growing and regressing in response to embryonic development, growth, changing physiological demands, wound healing, tumor growth and other stimuli. At the microvascular level, network geometry is not predetermined, but emerges as a result of biological responses of each vessel to the stimuli that it receives. These responses may be summarized as angiogenesis, remodeling and pruning. Previous theoretical simulations have shown how two-dimensional vascular patterns generated by these processes in the mesentery are consistent with experimental observations. During early development of the brain, a mesh-like network of vessels is formed on the surface of the cerebral cortex. This network then forms branches into the cortex, forming a three-dimensional network throughout its thickness. Here, a theoretical model is presented for this process, based on known or hypothesized vascular response mechanisms together with experimentally obtained information on the structure and hemodynamics of the mouse cerebral cortex. According to this model, essential components of the system include sensing of oxygen levels in the midrange of partial pressures and conducted responses in vessel walls that propagate information about metabolic needs of the tissue to upstream segments of the network. The model provides insights into the effects of deficits in vascular response mechanisms, and can be used to generate physiologically realistic microvascular network structures.

A Computational Investigation of Nonpremixed Combustion of Natural Gas Injected Into Mixture of Argon and Oxygen

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martia Shahsavan ◽  
Mohammadrasool Morovatiyan ◽  
J. Hunter Mack
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Transient Model

Natural gas is traditionally considered as a promising fuel in comparison with gasoline due to the potential of lower emissions and significant domestic reserves. These emissions can be further diminished by using noble gases, such as argon, instead of nitrogen as the working fluid in internal combustion engines. Furthermore, the use of argon as the working fluid can increase the thermodynamic efficiency due to its higher specific heat ratio. In comparison with premixed operation, the direct injection of natural gas enables the engine to reach higher compression ratios while avoiding knock. Using argon as the working fluid increases the in-cylinder temperature at top dead center (TDC) and enables the compression ignition (CI) of natural gas. In this numerical study, the combustion quality and ignition behavior of methane injected into a mixture of oxygen and argon have been investigated using a three-dimensional transient model of a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC). A dynamic structure large eddy simulation (LES) model has been utilized to capture the behavior of the nonpremixed turbulent gaseous jet. A reduced mechanism consists of 22-species, and 104-reactions were coupled with the CFD solver. The simulation results show that the methane jet ignites at engine-relevant conditions when nitrogen is replaced by argon as the working fluid. Ignition delay times are compared across a variety of operating conditions to show how mixing affects jet development and flame characteristics.

scholarly journals THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC STRUCTURE OF THE INNER ORION NEBULA

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. O'Dell ◽  
W. J. Henney ◽  
N. P. Abel ◽  
G. J. Ferland ◽  
S. J. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Orion Nebula
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