scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships and time-calibration of the South American fossils and extant species of southern beeches (Nothofagus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Vento ◽  
Federico Agrain
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Time Calibration

Biogeography, phylogenetic relationships and morphological analyses of the South American genus Mutisia L.f. (Asteraceae) shows early connections of two disjunct biodiversity hotspots

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Moreira-Muñoz ◽  
Rosa A. Scherson ◽  
Federico Luebert ◽  
María José Román ◽  
Marcelo Monge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
South American ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
The South

The jumping plant-lice of the Neotropical genus Tainarys (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) associated with Anacardiaceae

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4232 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL BURCKHARDT ◽  
DALVA L. QUEIROZ
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
South American ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Dominican Amber ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
East West

The Neotropical psyllid genus Tainarys Brèthes, 1920 is revised to include 14 extant and one fossil species from Dominican amber. Eight species are described as new, viz. Tainarys aroeira sp. nov., T. atra sp. nov., T. hapla sp. nov., T. myracrodrui sp. nov., T. nigricornis sp. nov., T. didyma sp. nov. and T. orientalis sp. nov. from Brazil, the last two also from Uruguay, as well as T. lozadai sp. nov. from Peru. The fifth instar immatures are described for nine species. †Vicinilura Klimaszewski, 1996, erected for the fossil †V. reposta Klimaszewski, 1996 and previously synonymised with Leurolophus Tuthill, 1942, is synonymised here (syn. nov.) with Tainarys and †V. reposta is transferred to become †Tainarys reposta (Klimaszewski), comb. nov. The descriptions are supplemented by illustrations and keys for the identification of adults and immatures. Phylogenetic relationships between species are investigated with a cladistic analysis using 22 adult and six immature morphological characters. The analysis resulted in a single most parsimonious, fully resolved tree. The fossil species is nested within the genus rather than being the sister taxon of the remainder of species. The extant species are restricted to the subtropical and temperate parts of South America. Three pairs of sister clades display an east‒west South American and one a midwest‒southern Brazilian geographical vicariance. Host plants are confirmed for nine and likely for another four species. They are Astronium, Haplorhus, Myracrodruon, Schinopsis and Schinus (Anacardiaceae). All Tainarys species appear to be oligophagous inducing irregular leaf curls on their hosts. 

scholarly journals Taxonomic comments on Megachile subgenus Chrysosarus (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

2013 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor H. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
South American ◽  
The South

Comments on the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of American leafcutter bees of the genus Megachile subgenus Chrysosarus are provided. The South American subgenera Austrosarus Raw, Stelodides Moure, and Zonomegachile Mitchell are newly synonymized under Chrysosarus Mitchell.

Taxonomy, cladistics and biogeography of the South American genus Brachygasterina Macquart (Diptera: Muscidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1151 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J.B. DE CARVALHO ◽  
A. C. PONT
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Delia Platura ◽  
Biogeographic Analysis

Brachygasterina Macquart, an endemic South American genus, is revised to include Brachygasterina andina sp. nov. from Ecuador (Pichincha). All six species are redescribed, including B. stuebeli that was recently transferred to this genus. A cladistic analysis was performed including five of the six species of the genus and using Delia platura (Meigen), an anthomyiid fly, and Palpibracus veneris (Bigot) as outgroup taxa. Four most parsimonious cladograms were found, all supporting the monophyly of the genus, as previously stated in the literature. According to the selected cladogram, the phylogenetic relationships of Brachygasterina species are as follows: (D. platura (P. veneris ((B. andina, B. stuebeli) (B. major (B. valdiviensis, B. violaceiventris))))). A cladistic biogeographic analysis of the genus was conducted and is discussed. The pattern revealed by the species of Brachygasterina can be explained by vicariant events involving two lineages of Brachygasterina and the evolution of the Andes.

Phylogenetic Relationships in Senegalia (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) Emphasizing the South American Lineages

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Terra ◽  
Flávia C. P. Garcia ◽  
Luciano P. de Queiroz ◽  
Michelle van der Bank ◽  
Joseph T. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
South American ◽  
The South
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