Trends of Ambient Concentrations of Gaseous Air Pollutants in Almadinah Al Menawwarah, Central Area, Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham Al-Jeelani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Ambient Concentrations

scholarly journals Trends of Ambient Concentrations of Gaseous Air Pollutants in Almadinah Al Menawwarah, Central Area, Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-53
Author(s):  
Hesham A. Al-Jeelani Hesham A. Al-Jeelani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Nitrogen Monoxide ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Ambient Concentrations ◽  
Hajj Season

Nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4) and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were measured in Almadinah Al Menawwarah, Saudi Arabia. From Ramadan to Hajj season (October, 2005 - January, 2006) daily average concentrations of NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, O3, CO, CH4 and NMHCs, were 0.055, 0.040, 0.095, 0.011, 0.009, 2.82, 3.83 and 1.12 ppm, respectively. The SO2/NOx and SO2/NO2 concentration ratios were 0.12 and 0.28, respectively, suggesting that the mobile emissions are the predominant sources within the study area. The diurnal variations of NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, CO, NMHCs concentrations were similar and showed two daily peaks, in the morning and late evening. These peaks concentrations are linked to traffic density, boundary layer mixing processes and chemical processes in the atmosphere. The diurnal cycles of O3 concentrations revealed a uni-modal peak in the mid-day time. The highest concentrations of the measured pollutants were found in Ramadan and Hajj seasons, due to increasing human activities. Significant positive correlation coefficients (p<0.05) were found between NO, NO2, NOx, NMHCs and CO, and also between SO2 and NO, NO2, NOx, NMHCs and CH4. Significant negative correlation coefficients were found between O3 concentrations and NO2. These results indicate that an increase in O3 level is associated with a drop in the concentration of NO2, CO and NMHCs.

scholarly journals Temporal-spatial Distribution Characteristics of Air Pollutants in Chengdu Economic Region, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 04027
Author(s):  
Hongjin Tong ◽  
Sha Liu ◽  
Ruixue Liao ◽  
Xiaomei Wei ◽  
Kangli Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Economic Region ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Variation Characteristics

The previous characteristics researches of air pollution were almost based on data from national environmental monitoring stations in 2015. The temporal variation curves of air pollutants and the ArcGIS grid interpolation method were used to analyze the spatial-temporal variation of air pollutants in five cities of Chengdu economic region. In 2015, the monthly change trends of PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2 and NO of air pollutants in Chengdu economic region were basically the same. The maximum monthly average concentration was in January or December, and the minimum was in May to September. The temporal variation of SO2 was characterized by little fluctuation of monthly concentration. The temporal variation characteristics of O3 were opposite to other pollutants. The spatial distribution of PM10 and PM2.5 was characterized by the largest concentration in Chengdu and the southwest of Meishan, in which they were mainly concentrated in the central area of Chengdu in winter. The average concentration of CO in Chengdu was the largest, followed by Deyang and Mianyang, and Meishan and Ziyang was the smallest. The concentrations of NO2 and NO in Chengdu were the largest, while those in Ziyang were the smallest. The spatial distribution characteristics of O3 were different from other pollutants. The areas with the largest concentration of O3 were Ziyang and a small part of west in Chengdu. The spatial distribution of SO2 was characterized by the largest concentration of SO2 in Ziyang, the lowest concentration in Mianyang and Deyang.

scholarly journals Analysing the Severity of Coronavirus Infection in Air Pollution: Evidence-Based Study From Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulnoor Ali Jazem Ghanim
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Pm 10 ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract COVID-19 has been considered as one of the major global pandemic which has caused different health problems by affecting the majority of the population throughout the world. Several studies have evolved the concerns of air pollution being considered as a major risk factor causing respiratory infection that are carried out by microorganisms which further affects the immunity system of the body. The present study involves the relationship between the air pollutants and COVID-19 total infection along with estimation of death rates in the several regions of Saudi Arabia. The major goal of this study comprises the analysis of the relationship between air pollutants concentration such as (PM10, NO2, CO, SO2 and O3) and COVID-19 wide outbreak, concerning the transmission, number of patients, critical cases and death rates . The results show that the estimation of COVID-19 cases were highest in number recorded in the most polluted regions, the mortality rate and critical cases were also more distinct in these regions more than other regions in Saudi Arabia. The finding of this study shows a positive correlation between mean PM 10, NO2, CO and SO2 pollutants. The results represent the significant relationship between air pollution resulting from high concentration of NO2 and COVID-19 infection and deaths. Null hypothesis of the relation between other pollutants and COVID-19 infection couldn’t be rejected. The study also indicates significant correlation between mean NO2 and CO and total number of critical cases, and negative correlations were obtained between Mean O3 and total number of cases, total deaths and critical case per cumulative days.

Air Pollution-Induced Pulmonary Lesions using Sequential Examination by Sem, Lm, and Tem

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 276-277
Author(s):  
D. Hyde ◽  
W. Tyler ◽  
D. Dungworth ◽  
J. Orthoefer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Pulmonary Lesions ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Ambient Concentrations ◽  
Ambient Levels ◽  
Scanning Electron

Previous exposures of animals to air pollutants have mostly been for short terms and at levels considerably greater than ambient concentrations (1). This report, however, relates to a study in which beagle dogs were exposed for 68 months to a variety of air pollutants at high ambient levels. After a 33-36 month post-exposure period, the lungs from 71 beagle dogs were fixed via the airways with cacodylate-buffered glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde. Lungs of 6 dogs were examined from all but one of 8 experimental groups. Various levels of bronchi and bronchioles were identified under a dissecting microscope and bisected with razor blades. One-half of each airway was prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after dehydration by critical point drying with CO2 and coating with gold-palladium.

Satellite UV-Vis spectroscopy: implications for air quality trends and their driving forces in China during 2005–2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengxin Zhang ◽  
Cheng Liu ◽  
Qihou Hu ◽  
Zhaonan Cai ◽  
Wenjing Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ambient Concentrations

&lt;p&gt;Abundances of a range of air pollutants can be inferred from satellite UV-Vis spectroscopy measurements by using the unique absorption signatures of gas species. Here, we implemented several spectral fitting methods to retrieve tropospheric NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and HCHO from the ozone monitoring instrument (OMI), with radiative simulations providing necessary information on the interactions of scattered solar light within the atmosphere. We analyzed the spatial distribution and temporal trends of satellite-observed air pollutants over eastern China during 2005&amp;#8211;2017, especially in heavily polluted regions. We found significant decreasing trends in NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; since 2011 over most regions, despite varying temporal features and turning points. In contrast, an overall increasing trend was identified for tropospheric HCHO over these regions in recent years. Furthermore, generalized additive models were implemented to understand the driving forces of air quality trends in China and assess the effectiveness of emission controls. Our results indicated that although meteorological parameters, such as wind, water vapor, solar radiation and temperature, mainly dominated the day-to-day and seasonal fluctuations in air pollutants, anthropogenic emissions played a unique role in the long-term variation in the ambient concentrations of NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and HCHO in the past 13 years. Generally, recent declines in NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; could be attributed to emission reductions due to effective air quality policies, and the opposite trends in HCHO may urge the need to control anthropogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions.&lt;/p&gt;

Air quality, primary air pollutants and ambient concentrations inventory for Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 292-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Năstase ◽  
Alexandru Șerban ◽  
Alina Florentina Năstase ◽  
George Dragomir ◽  
Alin Ionuț Brezeanu
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Concentrations
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