scholarly journals Gliomatosis Cerebri: A Report of Three Cases with Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Ali M. Hendi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Gliomatosis Cerebri ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Postmortem Diagnosis ◽  
Aggressive Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Gliomatosis cerebri is a rare glioma of poor prognosis due to its diff use infiltration of the central nervous system involving three or more lobes of the brain. It has non-specifi c symptoms such as epilepsy, cognitivedisorders, headache and change in personality. Three cases of gliomatosis cerebri are reported. Extensive literature review was done. This review includes defi nition, type, clinical presentation, diagnosis [radiological and pathological], deferential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. In conclusion gliomatosis cerebri was initially a postmortem diagnosis. Following the advancement of the MRI, it became a radiological diagnosis that induces diff use involvement of at least three contiguous lobes of the brain with relative preservationof its general anatomical confi guration. It is manifested clinically as a very aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Imaging plays an important role in initial diagnosis, biopsy planning and follow up.

Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Kristin I. Scott ◽  
Colin E. Harvey ◽  
James G. Anthony ◽  
Roy Pool
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

An inflammatory gingival mass surrounding resorbing teeth was diagnosed via biopsy in a 9-year-old domestic shorthair cat. A dorsal rim excision was performed to remove the entire mass with associated teeth and bone. Histopathological diagnosis of the en bloc tissue revealed an odontogenic fibromyxoma. Extensive literature review revealed few case reports of companion animals with this neoplasm, and none in a feline patient. This report documents the clinical presentation, diagnostic differentials, surgical therapy, and long-term follow-up of an odontogenic fibromyxoma in a cat.

RAS in the Central Nervous System: Potential Role in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (28) ◽  
pp. 3333-3352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Pessoa Rocha ◽  
Ana Cristina Simoes e Silva ◽  
Thiago Ruiz Rodrigues Prestes ◽  
Victor Feracin ◽  
Caroline Amaral Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Mas Receptor ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Background: The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is a key regulator of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis, but also plays important roles in mediating physiological functions in the central nervous system (CNS). The effects of the RAS were classically described as mediated by angiotensin (Ang) II via angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors. However, another arm of the RAS formed by the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Ang-(1-7) and the Mas receptor has been a matter of investigation due to its important physiological roles, usually counterbalancing the classical effects exerted by Ang II. Objective: We aim to provide an overview of effects elicited by the RAS, especially Ang-(1-7), in the brain. We also aim to discuss the therapeutic potential for neuropsychiatric disorders for the modulation of RAS. Method: We carried out an extensive literature search in PubMed central. Results: Within the brain, Ang-(1-7) contributes to the regulation of blood pressure by acting at regions that control cardiovascular functions. In contrast with Ang II, Ang-(1-7) improves baroreflex sensitivity and plays an inhibitory role in hypothalamic noradrenergic neurotransmission. Ang-(1-7) not only exerts effects related to blood pressure regulation, but also acts as a neuroprotective component of the RAS, for instance, by reducing cerebral infarct size, inflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Conclusion: Pre-clinical evidence supports a relevant role for ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in several neuropsychiatric conditions, including stress-related and mood disorders, cerebrovascular ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions and neurodegenerative diseases. However, very few data are available regarding the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in human CNS.

Dural Melanoma Associated with Ocular Melanosis and Multiple Blue Nevi

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Rivers ◽  
Shelly Bhayana ◽  
Magda Martinka
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Asian Woman ◽  
Total Resection ◽  
Aggressive Disease ◽  
Nevus Of Ota ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Aggressive Tumors ◽  
Surgical Extirpation

Background: Primary meningeal melanomas of the central nervous system (CNS) are a rare malignant process with the majority originating from the leptomeninges. Primary dural melanomas have been reported to occur in isolation or in conjunction with Nevus of Ota. The association of primary dural melanoma with multiple cutaneous blue nevi has not been reported previously. Objective: To describe a case of a 41-year-old Asian woman patient with a primary dural melanoma that arose in association with ocular melanosis and multiple cutaneous blue nevi. The patient is alive almost more than 8 years after subtotal and subsequent total resection of her primary tumor. Primary dural melanomas, Nevus of Ota, and blue nevi are discussed in relation to their coexistence and potential for intracranial melanoma. Conclusion: CNS melanoma is regarded as an extremely aggressive disease with poor prognosis. This case and previous reports of dural melanomas occurring in isolation or with Nevus of Ota have demonstrated relatively prolonged survival after surgical intervention. We conclude that dural melanomas are less aggressive tumors requiring surgical extirpation only.

scholarly journals Nipple Hibernoma in a Dog: A Case Report With Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Amorim ◽  
Fatima Faria ◽  
Marian Taulescu ◽  
Cristina Taulescu ◽  
Fatima Gärtner
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
Cell Variant

This report provides a clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical description of an unusual hibernoma (pale cell variant) in the subepidermal area of the nipple of a six-year-old bitch. Furthermore, an extensive literature review of hibernomas in animals was made. Physical examination revealed a nodular lesion in the subepidermal area of the third nipple of the left mammary chain. The histopathological findings included lobules of round to oval cells with abundant pale to eosinophilic cytoplasm, containing one or multiple optically empty vacuoles, consistent with nipple hibernoma. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were negative for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and p53 but showed strong immunoreaction for vimentin and uncoupling protein-1, thus confirming the brown adipose tissue origin. Local recurrence was not detected after 18 months of follow-up. Hibernomas are rare and benign neoplastic lesions, originating from brown adipose tissue. Due to their histological and molecular resemblance with liposarcoma, a correct diagnosis of these neoplasms is required. In addition, the literature review suggests that hibernomas may present different features, according to species.

scholarly journals An unusual headache: CSF negative APML relapse in the brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Quinn ◽  
Manish Jain ◽  
Ming-Te Lee
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Post Therapy

ABSTRACT Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia (APML) is a subtype of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML), responsible for around 10% of cases of the disease in adults. Extra medullary disease (EMD) occurs infrequently in APML, but where EMD does occur, the central nervous system is one of the most commonly infiltrated sites. Our case describes a man in his 40s undergoing post-therapy surveillance for APML who presented to follow-up clinic with a headache, which was ultimately found to be caused by a tumour comprised of APML cells. His case presented a diagnostic challenge due to the benign appearances of the lesion on initial computed tomography brain imaging and the non-diagnostic cerebrospinal fluid analysis. The diagnostic difficulties described in our case emphasizes that clinicians working with APML patients must approach new neurological symptoms with a high degree of suspicion to prevent diagnostic delay.

scholarly journals Poor prognosis of child and adolescent musculoskeletal pain: a systematic literature review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e024921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Pourbordbari ◽  
Allan Riis ◽  
Martin Bach Jensen ◽  
Jens Lykkegaard Olesen ◽  
Michael Skovdal Rathleff
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

ObjectivesTo identify baseline patient characteristics that are (1) associated with a poor outcome on follow-up regardless of which treatment was provided (prognosis) or (2) associated with a successful outcome to a specific treatment (treatment effect modifiers).DesignSystematic literature review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, Cinahl, Web of Science, Cochrane, SportDiscus, OT Seeker and PsychInfo were searched for prospective cohort studies up to February 2019 without limitation in publication date.Eligibility criteriaProspective cohort studies reporting either prognostic factors or treatment effect modifiers on persistent musculoskeletal pain in 0-year-old to 19-year-old children and adolescents. Pain caused by tumours, fractures, infections, systemic and neurological conditions were excluded.Outcome measuresOur primary outcome was musculoskeletal pain at follow-up and identification of any baseline characteristics that were associated with this outcome (prognostic factors). No secondary outcomes were declared.MethodTwo reviewers independently screened abstracts and titles. We included prospective cohort studies investigating the prognosis or treatment effect modifiers of 0-year-old to 19-year-old children and adolescents with self-reported musculoskeletal pain. Risk of bias assessment was conducted with the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool.ResultsTwenty-six studies yielding a total of 111 unique prognostic factors were included. Female sex and psychological symptoms were the most frequent investigated prognostic factors. Increasing age, generalised pain, longer pain duration and smoking were other identified prognostic factors. No treatment effect modifiers were identified.ConclusionSeveral prognostic factors are associated with a poor prognosis in children and adolescents with musculoskeletal pain. These prognostic factors may help guide clinical practice and shared decision-making. None of the included studies was conducted within a general practice setting which highlights an area in need of research.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016041378.

Bilateral Footdrop After Treatment of an Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. onsE373-onsE376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Teufack ◽  
Fernando Gonzalez ◽  
Robert Rosenwasser ◽  
Pascal Jabbour
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Anterior Communicating Artery ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Acute Infarction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background And Importance: Footdrop designates weakness of the ankle as well as toes dorsiflexion. Peripheral causes of unilateral footdrop are well established. Bilateral footdrop originating from pathologies in the central nervous system are rare and include a number of unexplored etiologies. Clinical Presentation: A case of bilateral footdrop is presented. The patient presented with a grade IV subarachnoid hemorrhage with intraventricular extension. He was treated with coil embolization of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Postoperatively, he was found to have weakness of both ankle and toe dorsiflexion. Findings on magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine were negative for abnormal cord signal, cord infarction, and compressive lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed parasagittal bifrontal and right greater than left convexity foci of acute infarction. Conclusion: Central causes of acute footdrop are rare. However, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis, particularly in the presence of upper motor neuron signs on physical examination.

Brain Biopsy in Tuberculoma: The Risks and Benefits

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bouchama ◽  
M. Zuheir Al-Kawi ◽  
I. Kanaan ◽  
R. Coates ◽  
A. Jallu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Drug Compliance ◽  
Antituberculous Therapy ◽  
Additional Surgery ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Histological Confirmation ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
The Brain

Abstract In developing countries, 5 to 8% of the space-occupying lesions of the central nervous system are tuberculomas. Diagnosis can be difficult in the absence of extracranial tuberculosis; computed tomography is suggestive only. To assess the value of brain biopsies in tuberculomas, the records of 15 patients aged 6 to 80 years were reviewed. Histological confirmation was obtained in 15 patients, and acid-fast bacilli were cultured from 12 patients. Intracranial hypertension was the principal sign in 11 patients; other neurological signs were related to the location of the tuberculoma. One patient had evidence of extracranial tuberculosis. Biopsy-related complications consisted of an epidural hematoma in 1 patient and hydrocephalus in another; both required additional surgery. One case of tuberculous meningitis was probably related to surgery and poor drug compliance. There was no postoperative mortality. Thirteen patients (2 were lost to follow-up) were cured after an average of 16 months of antituberculous therapy. It was concluded that the brain biopsy is useful in diagnosing tuberculoma but that there is some associated risk.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and survival of children with Langerhans cell hystiocytosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 514-518
Author(s):  
Nada Krstovski ◽  
Dragana Janic ◽  
Lidija Dokmanovic ◽  
Radivoj Brdar
Keyword(s):  
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Langerhans Cell ◽  
Single System ◽  
Multisystem Disease ◽  
System Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

INTRODUCTION Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease in children, initial presentation is variable, clinical course, prognosis and survival are mostly unpredictable. OBJECTIVE To summarise clinical characteristics and treatment results in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. METHOD Retrospectively there were analyzed patients with LCH diagnosed and treated at Hematology Department of University Children's Hospital in Belgrade from 1990 to 2006. Clinical presentation, therapy and survival according to Kaplan-Meier's statistical test was analysed. RESULTS 30 patients were treated, aged from 4 months to 14 years, mean 3.9 years, median 2.3 years, 18 (60%) males, 12 (40%) females. A single system disease was diagnosed in 16 (53%) patients, of whom 6 patients with multifocal bone disease. All patients were in complete remission averagely following162 and 82 months respectively. Multisystem disease was found in 14 (47%) patients. The lymph nodes and skin were more frequently involved organs than the central nervous system (diabetes insipidus), lung, liver and spleen. The number of involved organs ranged from 2 to 8, mean 4.2. Four patients died due to disease progression 3, 16, 36 and 66 months after diagnosis. Nine patents with multisystem disease were in remission with 117 months of follow-up. One patient was lost on follow-up. CONCLUSION The clinical course of patients with a single system disease is usually benign while a multisystem disease has to be aggressively treated with precise initial evaluation and staging before therapy.

scholarly journals Malignant Mesothelioma of the Epididymis: A Case Report of a Rare Paratesticular Neoplasm and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Jasser Maatougui ◽  
Jasser Maatougui ◽  
Mehdi Raboudi ◽  
Tarek Taktak ◽  
Issam Msakni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Multidisciplinary Management ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Scrotal Ultrasound ◽  
Disease Free

Background: Malignant mesothelioma of the epididymis is an extremely rare neoplasm with a poor prognosis and high potential of recurrence. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 28-year-old male with a left painless epididymal nodule. Scrotal ultrasound revealed a nodular mass with mixed echogenicity and Doppler showed increased vascularity. Radical orchidectomy was performed. Histopathological examination concluded to a malignant mesothelioma involving the epididymis. Metastatic workup was negative. The patient has undergone a regular follow-up and has been disease-free within 6 months. Conclusion: Malignant mesothelium of the epididymis is a diagnosis challenge. Surgery remains the main treatment. A multidisciplinary management should be offered in those cases.

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