Red Sea Surface Heat Fluxes and Advective Heat Transport through Bab EI Mandab

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ABDELRAHMAN ◽  
F. AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transport ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Heat Fluxes ◽  
Advective Heat Transport

Sea Surface Heat Fluxes and Fortnightly Modulation of the Surface Temperature within the Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California

2013 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 1400-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martínez-Díaz-de-León ◽  
Rubén Castro ◽  
E. Santamaría-del-Ángel ◽  
I. Pacheco-Ruiz ◽  
R. Blanco-Betancourt
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Heat Fluxes

Sea Surface Temperature Variability along the Path of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1317-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Verdy ◽  
John Marshall ◽  
Arnaud Czaja
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Circumpolar Current ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Heat Advection ◽  
Surface Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sst Variability ◽  
Circumpolar Current ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract The spatial and temporal distributions of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) are investigated, using monthly data from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis for the period 1980–2004. Patterns of atmospheric forcing are identified in observations of sea level pressure and air–sea heat fluxes. It is found that a significant fraction of SST variability in the ACC can be understood as a linear response to surface forcing by the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and remote forcing by ENSO. The physical mechanisms rely on the interplay between atmospheric variability and mean advection by the ACC. SAM and ENSO drive a low-level anomalous circulation pattern localized over the South Pacific Ocean, inducing surface heat fluxes and Ekman heat advection anomalies. A simple model of SST propagating in the ACC, forced with heat fluxes estimated from the reanalysis, suggests that surface heat fluxes and Ekman heat advection are equally important in driving the observed SST variability. Further diagnostics indicate that SST anomalies, generated mainly upstream of Drake Passage, are subsequently advected by the ACC and damped after a couple of years. It is suggested that SST variability along the path of the ACC is largely a passive response of the oceanic mixed layer to atmospheric forcing.

scholarly journals Observational Analysis of Extratropical Cyclone Interactions with Northeast Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (15) ◽  
pp. 6745-6763
Author(s):  
Briana Phillips ◽  
Larry O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Anomaly ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Storm Activity ◽  
Surface Heat Fluxes ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Sst Anomaly

AbstractThis study examines the interaction between a northeast Pacific upper-ocean thermal anomaly and individual fall storm events between 2013 and 2016. In 2013, a large upper-ocean thermal anomaly formed in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) with sea surface temperatures (SST) warmer than 4°C above the climatological norm. Formation of the anomaly was associated with a persistent atmospheric ridge in the GOA that produced a lull in storm activity in the boreal winter of 2013/14. While reduced storm activity was the apparent cause of this SST anomaly, we present cases where extratropical cyclones significantly eroded its mixed layer heat content on synoptic time scales. Case studies during the 4-yr period 2013–16 using satellite and Argo hydrographic observations show that early fall storms produced the largest surface heat fluxes and the greatest cooling of SST. The magnitude of thermal energy transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere during individual storm events was then determined using vertically integrated heat budgets based on Argo temperature profiles and reanalysis surface heat fluxes. Storm-induced surface heat flux anomalies accounted for approximately 50% of the warm anomaly cooling observed by Argo profiles. This rapid heat loss occurred over time scales of approximately 3–5 days. The decay of the warm SST anomaly (SSTa) occurred much more quickly than expected from classic thermal damping by SST-induced turbulent heat fluxes, which may be attributed here at least partly to much shallower mixed layers during early fall. Analysis of the individual surface flux terms indicated that the latent heat flux was the dominant contributor to storm-induced heat exchange across the air–sea interface.

scholarly journals Surface Heat Fluxes over the Northern Arabian Gulf and the Northern Red Sea: Evaluation of ECMWF-ERA5 and NASA-MERRA2 Reanalyses

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Al Senafi ◽  
Ayal Anis ◽  
Viviane Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Surface Heat Fluxes ◽  
Marginal Seas ◽  
Wind Events

The air–sea heat fluxes in marginal seas and under extreme weather conditions constitute an essential source for energy transport and mixing dynamics. To reproduce these effects in numerical models, we need a better understanding of these fluxes. In response to this demand, we undertook a study to examine the surface heat fluxes in the Arabian Gulf (2013 to 2014) and Red Sea (2008 to 2010)—the two salty Indian Ocean marginal seas. We use high-quality buoy observations from offshore meteorological stations and data from two reanalysis products, the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA2) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and ERA5, the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalyses of global climate. Comparison of the reanalyses with the in situ-derived fluxes shows that both products underestimate the net heat fluxes in the Gulf and the Red Sea, with biases up to −45 W/m 2 in MERRA2. The reanalyses reproduce relatively well the seasonal variability in the two regions and the effects of wind events on air–sea fluxes. The results suggest that when forcing numerical models, ERA5 might provide a preferable dataset of surface heat fluxes for the Arabian Gulf while for the Red Sea the MERRA2 seems preferable.

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