Evaluation of the Efficiency of Shortened Low-Pass Filters Computed by Inverse Fourier Transform for Potential Fields of Spherical Bodies and Planar Regionals

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
AHMED BA-AMMAR ◽  
KADRY FOUAD ◽  
MAGDY MELEIK
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Inverse Fourier Transform ◽  
Potential Fields ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Low Pass Filters

Amplitude and Phase in the MüLler-Lyer Illusion

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p2916 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt C Skottun
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Inverse Fourier Transform ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Phase Spectrum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Filtering ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Amplitude Spectra ◽  
Low Pass

It has previously been claimed that the Müller-Lyer illusion is the result of low-pass spatial filtering. One way to understand this would be that the distribution of amplitudes is what generates this illusion. This possibility was investigated by computing the 2-D Fourier transforms of the two Müller-Lyer stimuli and extracting their phase and amplitude spectra. These spectra were combined to create hybrid spectra having the phase of one Müller-Lyer figure and the amplitudes of the other. Images were then created by computing the inverse Fourier transform of the hybrid spectra. Except in cases where the analysis was performed patchwise on very small patches, the figures generated with the phase spectrum of the stimuli having outward-pointing fins appear the longer. This was also the case when stimuli were generated with flat amplitude spectra. Because they show that the Müller-Lyer illusion does not depend on any particular distribution of amplitudes, these demonstrations do not support the theory that the Müller-Lyer illusion is the result of low-frequency filtering.

Ku/Ka-band Compact Orthomode Junction with Low Pass Filters for High Power Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol E98.C (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Hidenori YUKAWA ◽  
Koji YOSHIDA ◽  
Tomohiro MIZUNO ◽  
Tetsu OWADA ◽  
Moriyasu MIYAZAKI
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Ka Band ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Low Pass Filters

Mathematical Model of Low-Pass Filters

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Jose de Jesus Rubio ◽  
Diana M. Vazquez ◽  
Jaime Pacheco ◽  
Vicente Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Low Pass Filters

scholarly journals Delay Equivalences in Tuning PID Control for the Double Integrator Plus Dead-Time

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Mikulas Huba ◽  
Damir Vrancic
Keyword(s):  
Dead Time ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Implementation Problem ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Low Pass Filters ◽  
Double Integrator

The paper investigates and explains a new simple analytical tuning of proportional-integrative-derivative (PID) controllers. In combination with nth order series binomial low-pass filters, they are to be applied to the double-integrator-plus-dead-time (DIPDT) plant models. With respect to the use of derivatives, it should be understood that the design of appropriate filters is not only an implementation problem. Rather, it is also critical for the resulting performance, robustness and noise attenuation. To simplify controller commissioning, integrated tuning procedures (ITPs) based on three different concepts of filter delay equivalences are presented. For simultaneous determination of controller + filter parameters, the design uses the multiple real dominant poles method. The excellent control loop performance in a noisy environment and the specific advantages and disadvantages of the resulting equivalences are discussed. The results show that none of them is globally optimal. Each of them is advantageous only for certain noise levels and the desired degree of their filtering.

scholarly journals 1.0 V-0.18 µm CMOS Tunable Low Pass Filters with 73 dB DR for On-Chip Sensing Acquisition Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Jorge Pérez-Bailón ◽  
Belén Calvo ◽  
Nicolás Medrano
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Cutoff Frequency ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Active Area ◽  
Current Steering ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Low Pass Filters

This paper presents a new approach based on the use of a Current Steering (CS) technique for the design of fully integrated Gm–C Low Pass Filters (LPF) with sub-Hz to kHz tunable cut-off frequencies and an enhanced power-area-dynamic range trade-off. The proposed approach has been experimentally validated by two different first-order single-ended LPFs designed in a 0.18 µm CMOS technology powered by a 1.0 V single supply: a folded-OTA based LPF and a mirrored-OTA based LPF. The first one exhibits a constant power consumption of 180 nW at 100 nA bias current with an active area of 0.00135 mm2 and a tunable cutoff frequency that spans over 4 orders of magnitude (~100 mHz–152 Hz @ CL = 50 pF) preserving dynamic figures greater than 78 dB. The second one exhibits a power consumption of 1.75 µW at 500 nA with an active area of 0.0137 mm2 and a tunable cutoff frequency that spans over 5 orders of magnitude (~80 mHz–~1.2 kHz @ CL = 50 pF) preserving a dynamic range greater than 73 dB. Compared with previously reported filters, this proposal is a competitive solution while satisfying the low-voltage low-power on-chip constraints, becoming a preferable choice for general-purpose reconfigurable front-end sensor interfaces.

scholarly journals Frequency-preference response in covalent modification cycles under substrate sequestration conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Reves Szemere ◽  
Horacio G. Rotstein ◽  
Alejandra C. Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Covalent Modification ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Low Pass Filters ◽  
Periodic Inputs ◽  
Preferred Frequency Response

AbstractCovalent modification cycles (CMCs) are basic units of signaling systems and their properties are well understood. However, their behavior has been mostly characterized in situations where the substrate is in excess over the modifying enzymes. Experimental data on protein abundance suggest that the enzymes and their target proteins are present in comparable concentrations, leading to substrate sequestration by the enzymes. In this enzyme-in-excess regime, CMCs have been shown to exhibit signal termination, the ability of the product to return to a stationary value lower than its peak in response to constant stimulation, while this stimulation is still active, with possible implications for the ability of systems to adapt to environmental inputs. We characterize the conditions leading to signal termination in CMCs in the enzyme-in-excess regime. We also demonstrate that this behavior leads to a preferred frequency response (band-pass filters) when the cycle is subjected to periodic stimulation, whereas the literature reports that CMCs investigated so far behave as low-pass filters. We characterize the relationship between signal termination and the preferred frequency response to periodic inputs and we explore the dynamic mechanism underlying these phenomena. Finally, we describe how the behavior of CMCs is reflected in similar types of responses in the cascades of which they are part. Evidence of protein abundance in vivo shows that enzymes and substrates are present in comparable concentrations, thus suggesting that signal termination and frequency-preference response to periodic inputs are also important dynamic features of cell signaling systems, which have been overlooked.

A Property of Low-Pass Filters

SIAM Review ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Brillinger
Keyword(s):  
Low Pass ◽  
Low Pass Filters
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