scholarly journals Animal Cruelty and Intimate Partner Homicide in Edgar Allan Poe's "The Black Cat"

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-206
Author(s):  
Afra S. Alshiban Afra S. Alshiban
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
Animal Cruelty ◽  
Need For Power ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Reign Of Terror ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cruelty To Animals

The relation between animal maltreatment and interpersonal violence has long been of interest to developmental psychologists, psychiatrists, law enforcement officials, criminologists, and others from related disciplines who concluded that the motivation behind these atrocities is a deep-seated need for power and control that stems from inadequacy. The culprit begins by practising on animals, before graduating to humans, mainly women. In 1843, Edgar Allan Poe saw the potential significance of cruelty to animals as a precursor to future violence against humans and brought it to life through his short story "The Black Cat." The narrator begins his reign of terror by practising on cats (women stand-ins) until he summons enough courage to murder the real source of his misery—his spouse. The story is artistically coherent if understood in terms of cruelty to animals as an unfavourable prognostic sign characteristic of those who will kill. Until now, animal cruelty in Poe’s tale received relatively little attention from literary critics. To date, no inquiry has put forward a theory regarding the abuse of animals and its relation to homicide. Hence, this study proposes to look into this disturbing phenomenon and to complement the Poe scholarship.

scholarly journals The Sandby Borg Massacre: Interpersonal Violence and the Demography of the Dead

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Alfsdotter ◽  
Anna Kjellström
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
The Dead ◽  
And Control

During excavations of the Iron Age ringfort of Sandby borg (ad 400–550), the remains of twenty-six unburied bodies were encountered inside and outside the buildings. The skeletons and the archaeological record indicate that after the individuals had died the ringfort was deserted. An osteological investigation and trauma analysis were conducted according to standard anthropological protocols. The osteological analysis identified only men, but individuals of all ages were represented. Eight individuals (31 per cent) showed evidence of perimortem trauma that was sharp, blunt, and penetrating, consistent with interpersonal violence. The location of the bodies and the trauma pattern appear to indicate a massacre rather than a battle. The ‘efficient trauma’ distribution (i.e. minimal but effective violence), the fact that the bodies were not manipulated, combined with the archaeological context, suggest that the perpetrators were numerous and that the assault was carried out effectively. The contemporary sociopolitical situation was seemingly turbulent and the suggested motive behind the massacre was to gain power and control.

scholarly journals High stakes: Offender decisions about weapon carrying and weapon use

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Weapon Carrying ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Weapon Use ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Control ◽  
Self Protection

Weapons are the tools of interpersonal violence, power, and control. The potential they have for causing serious injury gives them a contradictory power: They can be used to do serious violence or to reduce the likelihood of any violence; they can deescalate an altercation or prime aggressive behavior; and they can be essential mechanisms for self- protection while also being offensive and dangerous. These contradictions make weapon carrying and use fascinating but complicated areas to study, and this complexity can be seen both in public and in academic debate. Throughout this chapter, when considering offender decision making, it is important to recall the many overlapping and often contradictory functions that weapons fulfill for users. Binary interpretations of weapons as having purely offensive or defensive functions will limit our ability to understand offender decision making and should be avoided wherever possible. This chapter is divided into four main sections that relate to the decision to carry and use a weapon: (1) how we define and learn about weapon use in crime, (2) why and how weapons can affect the success of a crime, (3) why offenders choose to carry and use weapons, and (4) a discussion of how weapon use actually affects the success of a crime.

scholarly journals Some Aspects of Research on Interpersonal Relationships and Motivations of Healthcare Professionals

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Need For Power ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Productive Area ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
And Control

The modern theory and practice of medicine, as well as a number of other edological (helping) disciplines and practices, have been supplemented by a very productive area called “evidence-based medicine”. Its occurrence is associated with a large number of bioethical problems, including the problem of the conflict of interests between a doctor and a patient. A conflict of interest is born as a result of conflicting motives of relationships and interactions between the activities of a medical worker. The contradiction of interests and motives of activity is manifested in the phenomena of professional psychological burnout and professional deformations. The article highlights the main motives contributing to the conflict of interest, as well as ways of preventing and correcting conflicts of interest in connection with the implementation of these motives. Among the main motives, one can name the motives associated with the unresolved personal and interpersonal problems of a specialist: his need for power and control, for confirmation and for belonging

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study of Children’s Accounts of Cruelty to Animals: Uncovering the Roles of Trauma, Exposure to Violence, and Attachment

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052092864
Author(s):  
Laura Wauthier ◽  
Joanne M. Williams ◽  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Animal Cruelty ◽  
Humane Education ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Red Flag ◽  
Cruelty To Animals

Childhood animal cruelty (CAC) is a risk for later interpersonal violence and a red flag for other forms of violence in the household, yet very few studies have spoken to children directly about their cruelty to animals. Animal Guardians (AG) is a humane education program run by the Scottish SPCA for children of age 5 to 12 years who have been cruel to animals or deemed at-risk. This research investigated how children referred to AG spoke about their experiences of animal cruelty and factors surrounding it. Research consent was obtained for 10 children (average age = 8.8 years, n = 9 males), referred concerning cruel/at-risk behavior toward their pets. The interview schedule combined techniques such as crafts, vignettes, open questions, and standardized measures. Interviews were qualitatively analyzed using content analysis and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Content analysis suggested that referred children (a) tended to have small attachment networks which often included pets, (b) tended to interpret ambiguous situations predominately negatively, (c) tended to like animals and see them as sentient, and (d) struggled admitting to cruelty. Three main superordinate themes emerged from the IPA: (a) Bonding to animals, (b) Exposure to/normalization of violence, and (c) Signs of emotional issues/trauma. Children who were referred for animal cruelty toward their pets were from vulnerable backgrounds, often had complex backdrops to their at-risk or cruel behavior, and sometimes had trouble regulating their emotions and behaviors. Programs hoping to address CAC should be aware of these complex emotional, psychological, and behavioral factors, tailoring interventions accordingly.

scholarly journals Domestic Violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Soni ◽  
Dr Rakesh Kumar Behmani
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
Need For Power ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
And Control

Domestic violence is a major area of concern when it comes to issues of women. Domestic violence is a form of violence by a person to hurt one’s spouse or partner either physically, psychologically or sexually. Though its outcomes are primarily related to physical health, but its causes and secondary outcomes are psychological as well as sociological. This review paper focuses on psychological causes and outcomes of domestic violence underlined in previous studies. Need for power and control, low self esteem, personality traits, gender role stereotypes, patriarchal beliefs, gap in spousal education and employment, marital maladjustment, alcohol consumption by husband, unemployment, attitudes towards women are some of the socio-psychological factors leading to domestic violence. Outcomes of domestic violence are equally harmful for women and their children. It has been noted that women who face domestic violence are at greater risk for mental health disorders. Education and higher socio-economic status of husband and wife are protective factors against domestic violence to some extent. Some recent research has also focused on domestic violence against men and domestic violence in same gender relationships, but there are a very few studies emphasizing on these two issues in India. It can be concluded that domestic violence is leaded by many interlinked psychological and sociological factors and its outcomes are dangerous for the victims.

CRUELTY TO ANIMALS OF MINOR AS A STAGE OF PERSONALITY FORMATION WITH A VIOLENT ORIENTATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim Osipov
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Animal Cruelty ◽  
Cruelty To Animals ◽  
The Relationship

The article devoted to the study formations the identity of the criminal like. Animal cruelty is considered one of the violent stages of formations, directions personalities. The author analyzes the relationship between the stages of formation of the criminal’s personality in order to for the development of preventive measures.

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