scholarly journals Violence against Girls: A Study on Gender Based Violence in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-123
Author(s):  
Nora F. Almosaed Nora F. Almosaed
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Gender Based

All studies that take from violence against women as main subject for her, including western studies are focusing on violence against women in intimate relationships where the abuser is a husband or a life partner. In most MENA societies with its patriarchal culture women become victims of violence in an early age and without being in intimate relationship that is because the abuser might be the father, mother or brother. The purpose of this study is to explore reasons and types of violence that girls might be subjected to in the Saudi society, based on information gathered from 500 college girls where most of them are in age of eighteen to twenty years old. The main findings of the study are: the majority of the respondents seemed to agree on the existence of family violence in the Saudi society and in a way that is far more than it’s known. The respondents have also agreed that children regardless of their gender are the most victims of violence followed by wives and girls, 33.77%, 29.25% and 27.1% respectively. Fathers use violence in 37% of the cases, followed by mothers in 28% and brothers in 10% of the cases. 71% of the respondents have experienced violence as growing up and 24% are still dealing with it. As for the types of violence, girls are subjected to beatings, preventing them or threats to prevent them from education or work, sexual abuse, not taking their opinion in marriage or preventing them of marriage or marrying them in young age, verbal abuse and insults, seizure of salary or inheritance, imprisonment or prohibition of going out. Types and practices of violence that might not all or most of it are known to girls in other societies and/or harm that cannot be imagine or perceived by others.

scholarly journals Consequences Of Domestic Violence During Pregnancy

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Shakila A. Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Violence During Pregnancy ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Private Matter ◽  
Actual Prevalence

Although gender-based violence is prevalent in all societies however it is more widespread in Pakistan. Women of all ages, from birth to old age, are victims of violence. The consequences of gender-based violence are devastating not only for women but for the whole family. Violence against women is mostly treated as a private matter and hence goes unreported and thus its actual prevalence remains little known. There are many forms of gender-based-violence. Among these, violence during pregnancy is some what less discussed. The present study examines some aspects of violence during pregnancy by the husband, and looks at its health consequences. The study was conducted in a Katchi abadi (unauthorized settlement) of Karachi, among poor women. Findings show that prevalence of violence by husbands during pregnancy is high among study population.

scholarly journals Violence against Women in Eka Kurniawan’s Vengeance Is Mine, All Others Pay Cash

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Dian Febriyanti ◽  
Pratiwi Retnaningdyah
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
Verbal Violence ◽  
Gender Based

The aim of this article is to analyze the types of violence against women depicted in Eka Kurniawan’s Vengeance Is Mine, All Others Pay Cash also to reveal the process of several female characters from being disempowered (after received violence by men) to empowering themselves. Those are global and common issues that society would face every day. This study uses thematic analysis on the basis of Gender-based Violence (GBV) to categorize the type of violence based on a theory of feminist by Beauvoir and also using Naila Kabeer’s perspective to reveal that violence affect women in empower and disempower ways. The female characters that receive violence are Scarlet Blush, Iteung, Young Widow, and Jelita. The types of violence that occurred are sexual violence, physical violence, verbal violence, and psychological violence. However, the result of women’s empowerment only causes Iteung itself, she is the only one who can survive and be empowered after fighting against patriarchal culture, while Scarlet Blush is the opposite.

scholarly journals European regional mechanism for the prevention, punishment and elimination of violence against women

2020 ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kramarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
European Court ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Substantive Law

The article describes the process of establishing mechanism for preventing, punishing and eliminating violence against women in the European region and outlines the main components of such mechanism. The main non-binding Council of Europe instruments on violence elimination against women, namely the Declaration on Policies for Combating Violence against Women in a Democratic Europe (adopted at the 3rd European Ministerial Conference on Equality between Women and Men (Rome, 21-22 October 1993) and Council of Europe Committee of Ministers Recommendation Rec(2002)5 to member states on the protection of women against violence are analyzed. The key developments of the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence are characterized. It has been found that in the Convention, the phenomenon of "woman" and "femininity" is disclosed through the category of gender, but not through purely sexual biological traits. Both the concept of gender based violence and cross-border approach to violence against women have been considered. The main obligations of States with regard to the protection of certain categories of women who may be victims of violence due to their particular status, such as migrant women and refugees, are also discussed in the article. The main aspects of substantive law norms of the Convention have been analyzed. The monitoring mechanism of the Istanbul Convention, which consists of Committee of the Parties and the Group of Experts on Action against Violence against Women and Domestic Violence, has been described. It has been found that the case law of the European Court of Human Rights plays an important role in developing effective mechanism for combating violence against women. The high-profile case of the ECHR concerning the issue of violence against women (Opuz v. Turkey, 2009) has been discussed. A brief overview of the legal framework on violence against women in Ukraine has been provided. Key directions for the improvement of the Ukrainian national mechanism for combating violence against women have been suggested.

scholarly journals Urgensi Pengesahan RUU PKS sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Revenge Porn

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Cindy Kang
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Revenge Porn ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Gender Based

Based on data obtained from the Annual Records of the National Commission on Women, the percentage of violence against women has increased by 792% in the past 12 years. In addition, cases of Online Gender Based Violence (OGBV) have increased 300% and the most cases are revenge porn cases. This proves that women are one of the most vulnerable subjects to become victims of violence, and violence against women is not only carried out in the real world but also in cyberspace. One of the most common OGBV cases is revenge porn, where a perpetrator threatens to spread pornographic content belonging to the victim online without the victim’s consent with the potential to damage the victim’s reputation. The absence of regulations governing revenge porn makes it difficult for victims to get legal protection. The existence of the Draft Law on the Elimination of Sexual Violence (RUU PKS) which specifically regulates the types of sexual violence has given rise to hope for victims in seeking justice. The purpose of this study is to examine the urgency of the ratification of the RUU PKS regardless of the pros and cons circulating in society in providing legal protection for the victims. This study uses a normative legal research method that emphasized data obtained indirectly, such as legal materials. The results of this study indicate that the existence of laws and regulations such as the Electronic Transaction and Information Act, the Pornography Law, as well as provisions in the Criminal Code are considered insufficient to provide legal protection for the victims. Therefore, it is necessary to ratify the RUU PKS as a legal umbrella to provide protection for the victims.

GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AMONGST WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES: A CASE STUDY OF MWENEZI DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafadzwa Rugoho ◽  
France Maphosa
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Women With Disabilities ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Disabled Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Impact

This article is based on a study of gender-based violence against women with disabilities. The study sought to examine the factors that make such women vulnerable, to investigate the community’s responses to gender-based violence against women with disabilities, and to determine the impact of gender-based violence on the wellbeing and health of women with disabilities. The study adopted a qualitative research design so as to arrive at an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under study. The study sample consisted of 48 disabled women living in marital or common law unions, selected using purposive sampling. Of the 48 women in the sample, 16 were visually impaired while the remaining 32 had other physical disabilities. Focus group discussions were used for data collection. The data were analysed using the thematic approach. The finding was that women with disabilities also experience gender-based violence. The study makes recommendations whose thrust is to change community perceptions on disability as the only guarantee towards eradicating gender-based violence against women with disabilities.

Legal and Institutional Functionality in the Protection of Women – Victims of Domestic Violence in the Republic of Macedonia – Present Situation and Future Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Zorica Saltirovska Professor ◽  
Sunchica Dimitrijoska Professor
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Women Victims ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
National Level ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Gender Based

Gender-based violence is a form of discrimination that prevents women from enjoying the rights and liberties on an equal level with men. Inevitably, domestic violence shows the same trend of victimizing women to such a degree that the term “domestic violence” is increasingly becoming synonymous with “violence against women”. The Istanbul Convention defines domestic violence as "gender-based violence against women", or in other words "violence that is directed against a woman because she is a woman or that affects women disproportionately." The situation is similar in the Republic of Macedonia, where women are predominantly victims of domestic violence. However, the Macedonian legal framework does not define domestic violence as gender-based violence, and thus it does not define it as a specific form of discrimination against women. The national legislation stipulates that victims are to be protected in both a criminal and a civil procedure, and the Law on Prevention and Protection from Domestic Violence determines the actions of the institutions and civil organizations in the prevention of domestic violence and the protection of victims. The system for protection of victims of domestic violence closely supports the Law on Social Protection and the Law on Free Legal Aid, both of which include provisions on additional assistance for women victims of domestic violence. However, the existing legislation has multiple deficiencies and does not allow for a greater efficacy in implementing the prescribed measures for the protection of victims of domestic violence. For this reason, as well as due to the inconsistent implementation of legal solutions of this particular issue, the civil sector is constantly expressing their concern about the increasingly wider spread of domestic violence against women and about the protection capabilities at their disposal. The lack of recognition of all forms of gender-based violence, the trivial number of criminal sentences against persons who perform acts of domestic violence, the insufficient support offered to victims – including victim shelters, legal assistance, and counseling, and the lack of systematic databases on domestic violence cases on a national level, are a mere few of the many issues clearly pointing to the inevitable conclusion that the protection of women-victims of domestic violence is inadequate. Hence, the functionality and efficiency of both the existing legislation and the institutions in charge of protection and support of women – victims of domestic violence is being questioned, which is also the subject for analysis in this paper.

Evaluating government's communication strategy of the 16 Days of Activism campaign for No Violence Against Women and Children in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-241
Author(s):  
Mutambuli J. Hadji
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Gender Based

This article aims to evaluate government's communication strategy and citizens' awareness of the 16 Days of Activism for No Violence against Women and Children campaign in Soshanguve, South Africa. The study applied the diffusion of innovation theory because of its ability to assess how communities receive communication about the campaign from various media. Survey method was used to collect data, which was analysed using descriptive statistics. It was found out that mass media and other communication channels were main sources of campaign messages, which help the community to know how to address gender-based violence issues. Notably, this study found that females were more likely to know about the campaign than males. This article recommends that this campaign should be visible throughout the year and there should be more campaigns targeting men, and school curriculum, which educate pupils about the social and economic consequences of GBV.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Related Lockdown on the Prevalence of Spousal Violence Against Women in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199792
Author(s):  
Kazhan I. Mahmood ◽  
Sherzad A. Shabu ◽  
Karwan M. M-Amen ◽  
Salar S. Hussain ◽  
Diana A. Kako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Spousal Violence ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Impact

There is increasing concern about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown’s social and economic consequences on gender-based violence. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender-based violence by comparing the prevalence of spousal violence against women before and during the COVID-19 related lockdown periods. This study was conducted in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq using a self-administered online questionnaire survey after the COVID-19 lockdown period in June 2020. Data were collected from a sample of 346 married women about the occurrence, frequency, and forms of spousal violence before and during the lockdown period. Significant increases in violence were observed from the pre-lockdown period to the lockdown period for any violence (32.1% to 38.7%, p = .001), emotional abuse (29.5% to 35.0%, p = .005), and physical violence (12.7% to 17.6%, p = .002). Regarding emotional abuse, humiliation (24.6% to 28.3%, p = .041) and scaring or intimidation (14.2% to 21.4%, p < .001) significantly increased during the lockdown. For physical violence, twisting the arm or pulling hair (9.0% to 13.0%, p = .004) and hitting (5.2% to 9.2%, p = .003) significantly increased during the lockdown. Forcing to have sexual intercourse also significantly increased during lockdown (6.6% to 9.5%., p = .021). The concerned authorities and women’s rights organizations should collaborate to enhance the prevention of violence against women. An effective prevention strategy should emphasize recognizing and acknowledging the extent of the problem, raising awareness about the problem and the available resources to address it, and ensuring social and economic stability. Lessons learned about the increased prevalence of spousal violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic and the need to adopt appropriate strategies to prevent and address it will be valuable for similar future crises.

Violence Against Women and Children Following the 2011 Great East Japan Disaster: Making the Invisible Visible Through Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 862-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieko Yoshihama ◽  
Tomoko Yunomae ◽  
Azumi Tsuge ◽  
Keiko Ikeda ◽  
Reiko Masai
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Unwanted Sexual Contact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
The Invisible

This study reports on 82 unduplicated cases of violence against women and children after the Great East Japan Disaster of March 2011. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from informants who worked with the disaster-affected populations. In addition to domestic violence, reported cases involved sexual assault and unwanted sexual contact, including quid pro quo assault perpetrated by nonintimates. Perpetrators often exploited a sense of fear, helplessness, and powerlessness and used threats to force compliance with sexual demands in exchange for life-sustaining resources. Findings point to the urgent need to develop measures to prevent and respond to postdisaster gender-based violence.

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