scholarly journals Role of physical exercise type in olfactory deterioration in ageing

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
C. Zhang ◽  
D. Li ◽  
X. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Odor Identification ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Odor Detection Threshold ◽  
Healthy Community

BACKGROUND: Although ageing and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, have been associated with olfaction impairment, studies exploring how to ameliorate this impairment are limited. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of various types of physical exercise on olfaction decline in ageing. METHODOLOGY: 99 healthy community-dwelling participants (85 women; mean (SD) age, 62.5 (5.7) years) were included. All the participants were required to complete the tests consisting of a questionnaire, cognitive test and olfaction test. RESULTS: Odor identification scores for participants who exercised regularly for more than 1 year (more than 3 times/wk; more than 30 min each time) were significantly higher than those for non-exercisers, and odor detection threshold scores were significantly higher in the exercisers. Both odor threshold and odor identification scores for those who exercised by practicing taiji (tai chi), dancing, or running were significantly better than those for participants who exercised by walking or who did not exercise. CONCLUSION: Compared with those among older people who did not exercise, measures of olfaction among older adults who exercised were better, and the type of physical exercise mattered. Therefore, if physical exercise intervention is suggested to prevent or delay olfactory deterioration in older adults, the type of physical exercise should be considered.

scholarly journals Tai Chi for the Prevention of Falls Among Older Adults: A Critical Analysis of the Evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R. Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Despite interest as to the benefits of Tai Chi, there remains a controversy over its effectiveness as an exercise intervention for preventing falls among older adults. This review synthesizes the evidence base with a focus on meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials with community-dwelling older adults. It provides a critical lens on the evidence and quality of the trials. High-quality evidence suggests that Tai Chi is an effective intervention for preventing falls in community settings; however, there is unclear evidence for long-term care facilities and an absence of evidence for hospital settings. When compared directly with other exercise interventions, Tai Chi may offer a superior strategy for reducing falls through its benefits on cognitive functioning. Using data from the current Cochrane review, a new synthesis is presented suggesting that 71–81% of community-dwelling older adults are adherent to class-based Tai Chi interventions. The practical opportunities and challenges for practitioners are discussed.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of a Diet and Resistance Exercise Intervention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: ProMuscle in Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-802.e2
Author(s):  
Berber G. Dorhout ◽  
Annemien Haveman-Nies ◽  
Ellen J.I. van Dongen ◽  
Nick L.W. Wezenbeek ◽  
Esmée L. Doets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

scholarly journals Long-term participation in community group exercise improves lower extremity muscle strength and delays age-related declines in walking speed and physical function in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chisato Hayashi ◽  
Soshiro Ogata ◽  
Tadashi Okano ◽  
Hiromitsu Toyoda ◽  
Sonoe Mashino
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Group Exercise ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Abstract Background The effects of group exercise on the physical function of community-dwelling older adults remain unclear. The changes in lower extremity muscle strength, timed up and go (TUG) time, and the motor fitness scale (MFS), over time, among older adults who expressed a willingness to participate in community-based physical exercise groups, were determined using multilevel modelling. Methods We analyzed data of 2407 older adults between April 2010 and December 2019 from the registry of physical tests of community-based physical exercise groups. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the effect of physical exercise on lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores. The durations of the exercises were evaluated by frequency of physical test’s participate. Results A deterioration in lower extremity muscle strength was found in the short-term participant group only. However, in the mid-term and long-term participation groups, lower extremity muscle strength showed a trend of improvement. The TUG time and the MFS score were negatively correlated with increasing age in both groups divided by the duration of participation. However, there was a slower rate of deterioration in the long-term participation group. Discussion Lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores decline with increasing age and there were differences in the slope of deterioration that depended on the duration of participation in community-based group exercise. Conclusion Participation in group exercise improved lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores of older adults living in a community. The positive effects of group exercise were dependent on long-term participation.

Recruitment and Screening Methods in Alzheimer’s Disease Research: The FIT-AD Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Greimel ◽  
Jean F Wyman ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Fang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Recruitment Strategy ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Screening Process

Abstract Background Recruiting older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia into clinical trials is challenging requiring multiple approaches. We describe recruitment and screening processes and results from the FIT-AD Trial, a single site, pilot randomized controlled trial testing the effects of a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention on cognition and hippocampal volume in community-dwelling older adults with mild-to moderate AD dementia. Methods Ten recruitment strategies and a four-step screening process were used to ensure a homogenous sample and exercise safety. The initial target sample was 90 participants over 48 months which was increased to 96 to allow those in the screening process to enroll if qualified. A tertiary analysis of recruitment and screening rates, recruitment yields and costs, and demographic characteristics of participants was conducted. Results During the 48-month recruiting period, 396 potential participants responded to recruitment efforts, 301 individuals were reached and 103 were tentatively qualified. Of these, 67 (69.8%) participants completed the optional magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging and seven were excluded due to abnormal MRI findings. As a result, we enrolled 96 participants with a 2.92 screen ratio, 2.14 recruitment rate, and 31.9% recruitment yield. Referrals (28.1%) and Alzheimer’s Association events/services (21.9%) yielded over 49% of the enrolled participants. Total recruitment cost was $ 38,246 or $ 398 per randomized participant. Conclusions A multi-prong approach involving extensive community outreach was essential in recruiting older adults with AD dementia into a single-site trial. For every randomized participant, three individuals needed to be screened. Referrals were the most cost-effective recruitment strategy.

The Brief Odor Detection Test (B-ODT) for Very Early Diagnosis of Cognitive Decline: A Preliminary Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Dimitra Savvoulidou ◽  
Efthymia Totikidou ◽  
Chariklia Varvesiotou ◽  
Magda Iakovidou ◽  
Ourania Sfakianaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Odor Detection ◽  
Olfactory Impairment ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Olfactory impairment in older adults is associated with cognitive decline. This study describes the development of a Brief Odor Detection Test (B-ODT), and its pilot administration in community-dwelling older adults. The study aimed at examining whether the test could differentiate older adults with very mild cognitive impairment from their cognitively healthy counterparts. The sample consisted of 34 older adults (22 women), aged from 65 to 87 years. Participants were divided into two groups according to their general cognitive functioning. Odor detection was measured via vanillin solutions at the following concentrations: 150 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 15 mg/L, 3 mg/L, and .03 mg/L. The first condition of the test involved a scale administration of vanillin solutions. The second condition examined the change in air odour and it required vanillin solution of 30 mg/L and a metric ruler of 30 cm. The examiner had to place the solution at a specific distance point from each nostril. Odour identification sensitivity was secondarily measured. The results showed statistically significant differences in odour detection threshold between the two groups. In the unirhinal testing, left nostril differences of the two groups were definite. Hence, the B-ODT seems a promising instrument for very early cognitive impairment screening in older adult population.

Physical Exercise Interventions For Improving Performance-Based Measures of Physical Function in Community-Dwelling Frail Older Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Maria Giné-Garriga ◽  
Marta Roqué-Fíguls ◽  
Laura Coll-Planas ◽  
Mercè Sitjà-Rabert ◽  
Carme Martin-Borràs
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Frail Older Adults

Abstract 22: Visit-to-Visit Variability in Blood Pressure is Related to Late-Life Cognitive Decline

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Qin ◽  
Anthony J Viera ◽  
Linda S Adair ◽  
Brenda L Plassman ◽  
Lloyd J Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Nutrition Survey

Introduction: Recent studies suggest higher visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure (BP) is associated with worse cognitive function, but evidence based on longitudinal cognitive testing has not been reported. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that higher visit-to-visit variability in BP, but not mean BP, would be associated with faster decline in cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This prospective cohort study comprised 1213 adults who had two or more waves of BP measurements as part of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991, up to their first cognitive tests, and completed a cognitive screening test at two or more waves in 1997, 2000 or 2004. Mean (SD) age at first cognitive test was 64 (6) y. Outcomes were repeated measures of global cognitive scores (baseline mean ± SD: 19 ± 6 points), standardized composite cognitive and verbal memory scores (standardized units [SU]). Visit-to visit BP variability was expressed as the standard deviation [SD] or as the variation independent of mean (SD/mean^x, with x derived from curve fitting) in BP measures obtained at a mean interval of 3.6 years. Multivariable-adjusted linear mixed-effects models were used to determine the association of changes in cognitive scores with visit-to visit BP variability. Results: Higher visit-to-visit variability in systolic BP, but not mean systolic BP, was associated with a faster decline of cognitive function (adjusted mean difference [95% CI] for high vs. low tertile of SD in variability (Figure): global score -0.23 points/y [-0.41 to -0.04], composite scores -0.029 SU/y [-0.056 to -0.002] and verbal memory -0.044 SU/y [-0.075 to -0.012]). Higher visit-to-visit variability in diastolic BP was associated with a faster decline of global cognitive function only among adults 55-64 years, independent of mean diastolic BP. Conclusion: Higher long-term BP visit-to-visit variability predicted a faster rate of cognitive decline among older adults.

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