Mental Practice as an Additional Step Before Simulation Practice Facilitates Training in Bronchoscopic Intubation

AbstractThis paper provides an account of the strategic control involved in skilled action. When I discuss strategic control, I have in mind the practical goals, plans, and strategies that skilled agents use in order to specify, structure, and organize their skilled actions, which they have learned through practice. The idea is that skilled agents are better than novices not only at implementing the intentions that they have but also at forming the right intentions. More specifically, skilled agents are able formulate and modify, adjust and adapt their practical intentions in ways that are appropriate, effective, and flexible given their overall goals. Further, to specify the kind of action plans that are involved in strategic control, I’ll rely on empirical evidence concerning mental practice and mental imagery from sports psychology as well as evidence highlighting the systematic differences in the cognitive representations of skills between experts and non-experts. I’ll claim that, together, this evidence suggests that the intentions that structure skilled actions are practical and not theoretical, that is, that they are perceptual and motor and not abstract, amodal, or linguistic. Importantly, despite their grounded nature, these plans are still personal-level, deliberate, rational states. That is, the practical intentions used to specify and structure skilled actions are best conceived of as higher-order, motor-modal structures, which can be manipulated and used by the agent for the purpose of reasoning, deliberation, decision-making and, of course, the actual online structuring and organizing of action.

Download Full-text

Integrating Mental Practice into a COVID-19 Appropriate Virtual Reality Cataract Surgery Course for Ophthalmology Residents

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1721068 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (02) ◽

pp. e298-e300

Author(s):

John C. Lin ◽

Alfred A. Paul ◽

Ingrid U. Scott ◽

Paul B. Greenberg

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Virtual Reality ◽

Cataract Surgery ◽

Disease Control ◽

Graduate Medical Education ◽

Core Competencies ◽

Mental Practice ◽

Accreditation Council ◽

Graduate Medical ◽

Control And Prevention

AbstractTo present a revised, publicly available virtual reality cataract surgery course for ophthalmology residents that integrates a novel mental practice program into the curriculum, fulfills the six core competencies of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, and adheres to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention educational recommendations for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Download Full-text

A PRISMA Review of Research on Music Practice

Musicae Scientiae ◽

10.1177/10298649211005531 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102986492110055

Author(s):

Ee Ran How ◽

Leonard Tan ◽

Peter Miksza

Keyword(s):

Self Regulation ◽

Deliberate Practice ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Final Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Research Literature ◽

Mental Practice ◽

Future Research ◽

Complex Activity ◽

Music Practice

We employed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method to systematically review research on music practice from 1928 until June 2020 and identified a total of 3,102 records using our inclusion criteria, of which a total of 296 were eventually selected for the final analysis. We tabulated percentages and frequencies of (a) publications in ten-year periods, (b) type of publications, (c) sampling by geographical location, (d) methodologies used, (e) the top tenth percentile of the most highly cited research, and (f) topics covered. Our analyses reveal that particularly strong growth occurred in the literature between 2000 and 2020. In the literature we retrieved, the most commonly sampled research participants were those in the United States, followed by the United Kingdom and Australia. Quantitative research designs were most prevalent, accounting for two-thirds of all studies reviewed (66.2%), with questionnaires and recordings being the most common methods of data collection. Non-empirical papers (17.5%) as well as studies incorporating qualitative (13.5%) and mixed-methods designs (3.1%) were much less prevalent. Ericsson et al.’s (1993) seminal study of deliberate practice, Driskell et al.’s (1994) review of the research literature on mental practice, and Sloboda et al.’s (1996) study of young musicians were by far the most often cited. Overall, the most common topics addressed were deliberate practice, practice strategies, mental practice, the benefits of practice, metacognition, self-regulation, and self-efficacy, suggesting that music practice is a rich, multifaceted, and complex activity. In light of the findings, recommendations for practice and implications for future research are provided.

Download Full-text

The effect of mental practice on music memorization

Psychology of Music ◽

10.1177/0305735621995234 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 030573562199523

Author(s):

Claudia Iorio ◽

Elvira Brattico ◽

Frederik Munk Larsen ◽

Peter Vuust ◽

Leonardo Bonetti

Keyword(s):

Memory Performance ◽

Mental Practice ◽

Physical Workload ◽

Instrumental Performance ◽

Musical Piece ◽

Performance Tasks ◽

Music Practice ◽

And Performance ◽

Music Memorization

Mental practice (MP) in music refers to the ability to rehearse music in the mind without any muscular movements or acoustic feedback. While previous studies have shown effects of the combination of MP and physical practice (PP) on instrumental performance, here we aimed to assess MP and PP effects on memory abilities. During a 1-week music practice protocol, classical guitarists were asked to practise a new musical piece using either a combination of MP and PP or PP alone. We asked participants to perform the piece and notate it at 3 different times: Day 1 and Day 7 of the 1-week practice protocol and 10 days after its completion (follow-up session). Results showed that the combination of MP and PP improves both notation and performance tasks compared with PP alone. Furthermore, we observed a clearer difference in memory performance in the follow-up session as compared with that in Day 7. Our results show that musicians can use both MP and PP to improve long-term retention and to reduce physical workload and playing-related overuse injuries. Therefore, we encourage music educators to teach MP in the classrooms rather than letting students discover it in a serendipitous way.

Download Full-text

SP safety, autonomy and healthcare simulation practice in the COVID-19 era

BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning ◽

10.1136/bmjstel-2020-000835 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bmjstel-2020-000835 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lou Clark ◽

Anne Woll ◽

Tamara L Owens ◽

Deltonia Shropshire ◽

Bob Kiser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethical Leadership ◽

Skills Training ◽

Simulated Patients ◽

Human Beings ◽

Healthcare Simulation ◽

Key Terms ◽

Simulation Practice

This letter expands upon the three tenets of the Healthcare Simulation Manifesto—comprehensive safety, collaborative advocacy, and ethical leadership. To do this, we will discuss two key terms: ‘essential’ and ‘autonomy’ in relation to safety for standardized/simulated patients (SPs). In this time of crisis, simulationists must move the boundary of skills training previously accepted as safe for human beings, and leverage technology to ensure the highest level of safety achievable for our SPs.

Download Full-text

An Additional Step in the Transport of Iron Defined by the tonB Locus of Escherichia coli

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(19)77201-9 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 246 (7) ◽

pp. 2147-2151

Author(s):

C.C. Wang ◽

Austin Newton

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Additional Step

Download Full-text