scholarly journals Controlling effect by non-QoI fungicides against grape ripe rot in the immature fruit stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (0) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Hidenori Horikawa ◽  
Hiroko Ohashi ◽  
Hirofumi Nagai ◽  
Shinro Kato ◽  
Noriyuki Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Controlling Effect ◽  
Fruit Stage

THE CONTROLLING EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC JETS ON THE FLOW AROUND A RECTANGULAR WING AT SPEEDS CLOSE TO TAKEOFF AND LANDING SPEEDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-592
Author(s):  
Oleg Mikhailovich Karyakin ◽  
Aleksandr Gennadievich Nalivaiko ◽  
Nikolai Vasilievich Rostov ◽  
Maxim Vladimirovich Ustinov ◽  
Jacob Shmerkovich Flaxman
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Jets ◽  
Controlling Effect

scholarly journals The Comparison Discussion on the Controlling Effect of Parasitic Accelerations Generated by Human Centrifuge by Different Controlling Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 1624 ◽  
pp. 062022
Author(s):  
Yifeng Li ◽  
Bin He ◽  
Baohui Li ◽  
Ke Jiang ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlling Effect

scholarly journals Occurrence and distribution of resistance to QoI fungicides in populations of Podosphaera fusca in south central Spain

2006 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fernández-Ortuño ◽  
A. Pérez-García ◽  
F. López-Ruiz ◽  
D. Romero ◽  
A. de Vicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Spain ◽  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
South Central ◽  
Podosphaera Fusca

CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVELOPING ASCI OF NEUROSPORA CRASSA

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 933-938
Author(s):  
Mary B. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Spore Formation ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Nuclear Behavior ◽  
Nuclear Cycle

Morphology of the ascus and of the ascus cluster, as observed in carmine-stained, squash preparations of the contents of immature fruit bodies, is described with the aid of photomicrographs. Complications which raise questions regarding the applicability of the currently accepted scheme of ascus development are discussed. The function of the crozier, the mechanism of spore formation, and the correlation of nuclear behavior with ascus growth appear to have been misunderstood. It is concluded that the initial stages of ascus development involve complexities, the resolution of which may reveal unknown aspects of the nuclear cycle.

Sensitivity of C. fructicola and C. siamense of peach in China to multiple classes of fungicides and characterization of pyraclostrobin-resistant isolates

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Usman ◽  
Qin Tan ◽  
Mohammad Mazharul Karim ◽  
Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Weixiao Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex ◽  
Cyt B Gene

Anthracnose, mainly caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex including C. fructicola and C. siamense, is a devastating disease of peach. The chemical control has been widely used for years and management failures have increased towards commonly used fungicides. Therefore, screening of sensitivity of Colletotrichum spp. to fungicides with different modes of action is needed to make proper management strategies for peach anthracnose. In this study, sensitivity of 80 isolates of C. fructicola and C. siamense was screened for pyraclostrobin, procymidone, prochloraz and fludioxonil based on mycelial growth inhibition at discriminatory doses. Results showed that C. fructicola and C. siamense isolates were highly resistant to procymidone and fludioxonil with 100% resistance frequencies to both fungicides, but sensitive to prochloraz, i.e., no resistant isolates were found. For pyraclostrobin, 74% of C. fructicola isolates showed high resistance and 26 % were low resistant, all of the C. siamense isolates were low resistant. No positive cross-resistance was observed between pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin, even they are members of the same quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide group, and between pyraclostrobin and non-QoIs. Resistant isolates to QoI fungicides were evaluated for the fitness penalty. Results showed that no significant differences except for mycelial growth rates were detected between highly resistant and low-resistant isolates of C. fructicola. Molecular characterization of Cyt b gene revealed that the G143A point mutation was the determinant of the high resistance in C. fructicola. This study demonstrated the current resistance status of C. fructicola and C. siamense to different fungicides and their future perspectives. Demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides are the best option among different chemicals to control peach anthracnose in China.

Fracture analysis of double-layer hard and thick roof and the controlling effect on strata behavior: A case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Ning ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Lishuai Jiang ◽  
Ning Jiang ◽  
Xuesheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Fracture Analysis ◽  
Controlling Effect ◽  
Strata Behavior

Molecular Identification of Mutations Conferring Resistance to Azoxystrobin in Cercospora nicotianae

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Li ◽  
William Barlow ◽  
Ed Dixon ◽  
Bernadette F. Amsden ◽  
Robert Hirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Cytb Sequence ◽  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Cercospora nicotianae, the causal agent of frogeye leaf spot (FLS) of tobacco, has been exposed to quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides for over a decade through azoxystrobin applications targeting other major foliar diseases. From 2016 to 2018, a total of 124 isolates were collected from tobacco fields throughout Kentucky. Sensitivity of these isolates to azoxystrobin was previously characterized by determining the effective concentration to inhibit 50% conidial germination (EC50). Based on azoxystrobin EC50, isolates were categorized into three discrete groups: high azoxystrobin sensitivity (< 0.08 µg/ml), moderate azoxystrobin sensitivity (0.14 to 0.64 µg/ml) and low azoxystrobin sensitivity (> 1.18 µg/ml). Variability in sensitivity in a limited number of C. nicotianae isolates was previously shown to be a result of resistance mutations in the fungicide target gene. To improve understanding of C. nicotianae cytochrome b (cytb) structure, the gene was cloned from three isolates representing each EC50group, and sequences were compared. Our analysis showed that cytb gene in C. nicotianae consists of 1161 nucleotides encoding 386 amino acids. Cytb sequence among the cloned isolates was identical with the exception of the F129L and G143A point mutations. To more rapidly determine the resistance status of C. nicotianae isolates to azoxystrobin, a PCR assay was developed to screen for mutations. Using this assay, 80% (n=99) of testedC. nicotianae isolates carried an F129L mutation and were moderately resistant to azoxystrobin, and 7% (n=9) carried the G143A mutation and were highly resistant. A receiver operator characteristic curve analysis suggested the PCR assay is a robust diagnostic tool to identify C. nicotianae isolates with different sensitivity to azoxystrobin in Kentucky tobacco production. The prevalence of both the F129L and G143A mutations in C. nicotianae from Kentucky differs from other pathosystems where resistance to QoI fungicides has been identified, in which the majority of sampled isolates of the pathogen species have a broadly-occurring cytb mutation.

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