scholarly journals The possible roles of solar ultraviolet-B radiation and vitamin D in reducing case-fatality rates from the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic in the United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Grant ◽  
Edward Giovannucci
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet

scholarly journals Influenza Circulation in United States Army Training Camps Before and During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Clues to Early Detection of Pandemic Viral Emergence

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Chertow ◽  
Rongman Cai ◽  
Junfeng Sun ◽  
John Grantham ◽  
Jeffery K. Taubenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
United States Army ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
1918 Influenza

Abstract Background.  Surveillance for respiratory diseases in domestic National Army and National Guard training camps began after the United States’ entry into World War I, 17 months before the “Spanish influenza” pandemic appeared. Methods.  Morbidity, mortality, and case-fatality data from 605 625 admissions and 18 258 deaths recorded for 7 diagnostic categories of respiratory diseases, including influenza and pneumonia, were examined over prepandemic and pandemic periods. Results.  High pandemic influenza mortality was primarily due to increased incidence of, but not increased severity of, secondary bacterial pneumonias. Conclusions.  Two prepandemic incidence peaks of probable influenza, in December 1917–January 1918 and in March–April 1918, differed markedly from the September–October 1918 pandemic onset peak in their clinical-epidemiologic features, and they may have been caused by seasonal or endemic viruses. Nevertheless, rising proportions of very low incidence postinfluenza bronchopneumonia (diagnosed at the time as influenza and bronchopneumonia) in early 1918 could have reflected circulation of the pandemic virus 5 months before it emerged in pandemic form. In this study, we discuss the possibility of detecting pandemic viruses before they emerge, by surveillance of special populations.

Impact of solar ultraviolet B radiation (290–320 nm) on vitamin D synthesis in children with type IV and V skin

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 604-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.K. Marwaha ◽  
V. Sreenivas ◽  
D. Talwar ◽  
V.K. Yenamandra ◽  
A. Challa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet
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