scholarly journals Genetic mechanism regulating bacterial cell shape and metabolism

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Shiomi ◽  
Hideo Mori ◽  
Hironori Niki
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Genetic Mechanism ◽  
Bacterial Cell Shape

Bacterial Cell Shape–Dependent Inflammatory Response in Mammary Epithelial Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medhat M. Khattar ◽  
Samer Bazzi ◽  
Joanna Kogan ◽  
Rabih S. Talhouk
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Bacterial Cell Shape

scholarly journals FtsEX-mediated regulation of inner membrane fusion and cell separation reveals morphogenetic plasticity inCaulobacter crescentus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Meier ◽  
Qing Yao ◽  
Allison K. Daitch ◽  
Grant J. Jensen ◽  
Erin D. Goley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Separation ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Bacterial Cell Shape ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Shape Changes

AbstractDuring its life cycle,Caulobacter crescentusundergoes a series of coordinated shape changes, including generation of a polar stalk and reshaping of the cell envelope to produce new daughter cells through the process of cytokinesis. The mechanisms by which these morphogenetic processes are coordinated in time and space remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the conserved division complex FtsEX controls both the early and late stages of cytokinesis inC. crescentus, namely initiation of constriction and final cell separation. ΔftsEcells display a striking phenotype: cells are chained, with skinny connections between cell bodies resulting from defects in inner membrane fusion and cell separation. Surprisingly, the thin connections in ΔftsEcells share morphological and molecular features withC. crescentusstalks. Our data uncover unanticipated morphogenetic plasticity inC. crescentus, with loss of FtsE causing a stalk-like program to take over at failed division sites and yield novel cell morphology.Author SummaryBacterial cell shape is genetically hardwired and is critical for fitness and, in certain cases, pathogenesis. In most bacteria, a semi-rigid structure called the cell wall surrounds the inner membrane, offering protection against cell lysis while simultaneously maintaining cell shape. A highly dynamic macromolecular structure, the cell wall undergoes extensive remodeling as bacterial cells grow and divide. We demonstrate that a broadly conserved cell division complex, FtsEX, relays signals from the cytoplasm to the cell wall to regulate key developmental shape changes in the α-proteobacteriumCaulobacter crescentus. Consistent with studies in diverse bacteria, we observe strong synthetic interactions betweenftsEand cell wall hydrolytic factors, suggesting that regulation of cell wall remodeling is a conserved function of FtsEX. Loss of FtsE causes morphological defects associated with both the early and late stages of division. Intriguingly, without FtsE, cells frequently fail to separate and instead elaborate a thin, tubular structure between cell bodies, a growth mode observed in other α-proteobacteria. Overall, our results highlight the plasticity of bacterial cell shape and demonstrate how altering the activity of one morphogenetic program can produce diverse morphologies resembling those of other bacteria in nature.

Biophysical Measurements of Bacterial Cell Shape

2016 ◽  
pp. 227-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Nguyen ◽  
Benjamin P. Bratton ◽  
Joshua W. Shaevitz
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Bacterial Cell Shape

scholarly journals Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis: New Insights from Localization Studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk-Jan Scheffers ◽  
Mariana G. Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Cell Wall Synthesis ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Bacterial Cell Shape

SUMMARY In order to maintain shape and withstand intracellular pressure, most bacteria are surrounded by a cell wall that consists mainly of the cross-linked polymer peptidoglycan (PG). The importance of PG for the maintenance of bacterial cell shape is underscored by the fact that, for various bacteria, several mutations affecting PG synthesis are associated with cell shape defects. In recent years, the application of fluorescence microscopy to the field of PG synthesis has led to an enormous increase in data on the relationship between cell wall synthesis and bacterial cell shape. First, a novel staining method enabled the visualization of PG precursor incorporation in live cells. Second, penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which mediate the final stages of PG synthesis, have been localized in various model organisms by means of immunofluorescence microscopy or green fluorescent protein fusions. In this review, we integrate the knowledge on the last stages of PG synthesis obtained in previous studies with the new data available on localization of PG synthesis and PBPs, in both rod-shaped and coccoid cells. We discuss a model in which, at least for a subset of PBPs, the presence of substrate is a major factor in determining PBP localization.

scholarly journals Mechanical Control of Bacterial Cell Shape

2011 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 441a
Author(s):  
Hongyuan Jiang ◽  
Fangwei Si ◽  
William Margolin ◽  
Sean X. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Mechanical Control ◽  
Bacterial Cell Shape

Bacterial cell shape

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 601-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Cabeen ◽  
Christine Jacobs-Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Bacterial Cell Shape
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