scholarly journals Abl tyrosine kinases modulate cadherin-dependent adhesion upstream and downstream of Rho family GTPases

Cell Cycle ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Zandy ◽  
Ann Marie Pendergast
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Rho Family Gtpases ◽  
Rho Family

scholarly journals Rac GTPases in Hematological Malignancies

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Durand-Onaylı ◽  
Theresa Haslauer ◽  
Andrea Härzschel ◽  
Tanja Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Cell Microenvironment ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Rac Gtpases ◽  
Rho Family Gtpases ◽  
Rho Family ◽  
Specific Contribution

Emerging evidence suggests that crosstalk between hematologic tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment contributes to leukemia and lymphoma cell migration, survival, and proliferation. The supportive tumor cell-microenvironment interactions and the resulting cellular processes require adaptations and modulations of the cytoskeleton. The Rac subfamily of the Rho family GTPases includes key regulators of the cytoskeleton, with essential functions in both normal and transformed leukocytes. Rac proteins function downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases, chemokine receptors, and integrins, orchestrating a multitude of signals arising from the microenvironment. As such, it is not surprising that deregulation of Rac expression and activation plays a role in the development and progression of hematological malignancies. In this review, we will give an overview of the specific contribution of the deregulation of Rac GTPases in hematologic malignancies.

Regulation of class IA PI3Ks

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wu ◽  
Y. Yan ◽  
J.M. Backer
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Sh2 Domains ◽  
Src Homology 2 ◽  
Pi3k Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rho Family Gtpases ◽  
Src Homology ◽  
Rho Family

Class IA PI3Ks (phosphoinositide 3-kinases) regulate a wide range of cellular responses through the production of PI(3,4,5)P3 (phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate) in cellular membranes. They are activated by receptor tyrosine kinases, by Ras and Rho family GTPases, and in some cases by Gβγ subunits from trimeric G-proteins. Crystallographic studies on the related class IB PI3Kγ, and biochemical and structural studies on the class IA PI3Ks, have led to new insights into how these critical enzymes are regulated in normal cells and how mutations can lead to their constitutive activation in transformed cells. The present paper will discuss recent studies on the regulation of class I (p85/p110) PI3Ks, with a focus on the role of SH2 domains (Src homology 2 domains) in the p85 regulatory subunit in modulating PI3K activity.

The role of Rho-family GTPases in human glioblastomas

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Seta ◽  
M Herr ◽  
S Horn ◽  
D Koch ◽  
T Vogt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rho Family Gtpases ◽  
Rho Family

scholarly journals R-cadherin influences cell motility via Rho family GTPases. Vol. 279 (2004) 31041-31049

2004 ◽  
Vol 279 (42) ◽  
pp. 44229-44230
Author(s):  
Emhonta Johnson ◽  
Christopher S. Theisen ◽  
Keith R. Johnson ◽  
Margaret J. Wheelock
Keyword(s):  
Cell Motility ◽  
Rho Family Gtpases ◽  
Rho Family

scholarly journals Structure Based Drug Design in Novel Druggable Pockets on Rho Family GTPases

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 620a
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Ortiz-Sanchez ◽  
Barry J. Grant ◽  
J. Andrew McCammon
Keyword(s):  
Drug Design ◽  
Structure Based Drug Design ◽  
Rho Family Gtpases ◽  
Rho Family

scholarly journals Apolar and polar transitions drive the conversion between amoeboid and mesenchymal shapes in melanoma cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 4163-4170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Cooper ◽  
Amine Sadok ◽  
Vicky Bousgouni ◽  
Chris Bakal
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shape Space ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Collagen Matrices ◽  
Morphological Heterogeneity ◽  
Rho Family Gtpases ◽  
Metastatic Process ◽  
Rho Family ◽  
Single Living

Melanoma cells can adopt two functionally distinct forms, amoeboid and mesenchymal, which facilitates their ability to invade and colonize diverse environments during the metastatic process. Using quantitative imaging of single living tumor cells invading three-dimensional collagen matrices, in tandem with unsupervised computational analysis, we found that melanoma cells can switch between amoeboid and mesenchymal forms via two different routes in shape space—an apolar and polar route. We show that whereas particular Rho-family GTPases are required for the morphogenesis of amoeboid and mesenchymal forms, others are required for transitions via the apolar or polar route and not amoeboid or mesenchymal morphogenesis per se. Altering the transition rates between particular routes by depleting Rho-family GTPases can change the morphological heterogeneity of cell populations. The apolar and polar routes may have evolved in order to facilitate conversion between amoeboid and mesenchymal forms, as cells are either searching for, or attracted to, particular migratory cues, respectively.

scholarly journals Overexpression of a Neural-specific Rho Family GTPase, cRac1B, Selectively Induces Enhanced Neuritogenesis and Neurite Branching in Primary Neurons

1998 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Albertinazzi ◽  
Daniela Gilardelli ◽  
Simona Paris ◽  
Renato Longhi ◽  
Ivan de Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Primary Neurons ◽  
Actin Organization ◽  
Inactive Form ◽  
Rho Family Gtpases ◽  
Neurite Formation ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Rho Family

Rho family GTPases have been implicated in cytoskeletal reorganization during neuritogenesis. We have recently identified a new gene of this family, cRac1B, specifically expressed in the chicken developing nervous system. This GTPase was overexpressed in primary neurons to study the role of cRac1B in the development of the neuronal phenotype. Overexpression of cRac1B induced an increment in the number of neurites per neuron, and dramatically increased neurite branching, whereas overexpression of the highly related and ubiquitous cRac1A GTPase did not evidently affect neuronal morphology. Furthermore, expression of an inactive form of cRac1B strikingly inhibited neurite formation. The specificity of cRac1B action observed in neurons was not observed in fibroblasts, where both GTPases produced similar effects on cell morphology and actin organization, indicating the existence of a cell type-dependent specificity of cRac1B function. Molecular dissection of cRac1B function by analysis of the effects of chimeric cRac1A/cRac1B proteins showed that the COOH-terminal portion of cRac1B is essential to induce increased neuritogenesis and neurite branching. Considering the distinctive regulation of cRac1B expression during neural development, our data strongly support an important role of cRac1B during neuritogenesis, and they uncover new mechanisms underlying the functional specificity of distinct Rho family GTPases.

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